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首页> 外文期刊>Deutsche Zeitschrift fur Sportmedisin >Dimensionen der Extremitätenarterien in Relation zum Aktivitätszustand der Extremitätenmuskulatur bei behinderten und nichtbehinderten Athleten
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Dimensionen der Extremitätenarterien in Relation zum Aktivitätszustand der Extremitätenmuskulatur bei behinderten und nichtbehinderten Athleten

机译：残疾和非残疾运动员与肢体肌肉活动状态有关的肢体动脉尺寸

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Only few conclusive studies about training-induced adaptations within the arterial vascular system in humans have been published so far. Therefore, we investigated the central and peripheral arteries in non-disabled and disabled athletes, who showed different functional properties of the upper and lower limb musculature caused by training or a physical handicap. In untrained and highly trained non-disabled subjects (32 untrained students (UT), 18 tennis players (TP)), in sedentary (UPP, N=16) and wheelchair-trained paraplegics (TPP, N=26) and in trained amputees (arm amputees (A-AM), N-11; leg amputees (L-AM), N=17) elastic type (aorta) and muscular type limb arteries were analysed by duplex sonography. Diastolic diameter (D) of subclavian (Sub), brachial (Bra), femoral (Fem) and popliteal (Pop) arteries as well as the thoracic (AOT) and abdominal aorta (AOA) were determined using 3.5/5 MHz sector probes. Cross-sectional areas (CSA) were calculated (CSA = 3.14 · (D/2)~2 and set in relation to body surface area (BSA) (CSA/BSA). Regional blood flow (BF/MIN) was measured with a pulsed Doppler and set in relation to heart rate (BF/HR). Diastolic diameter (30-40%) and QSA/BSA (50-70%) of Fern and Pop were significantly decreased in UPP and TPP compared to UT. The arteries proximal the lesion of the injured limb in A-AM and L-AM showed a similar reduction of D and QSA/CSA. TPP demonstrated significantly increased diastolic diameter (15-25%) and CSA/BSA (30-50%) of Sub compared to UPP and UT. Diastolic diameter (20%) and CSA/BSA (40%) of Sub and Bra of the playing arm in TP were significantly elevated compared to the opposite side. Similar changes of D and CSA/BSA of the extremity arteries were found at the intact limbs in A-AM and L-AM. AOT and AOA showed no significant dimensional changes in all groups. Dimensional changes in Sub and Fern were associated with corresponding alterations in BF/HR. Regular training of the upper limb musculature is associated with an increase of the dimensions of Sub and Bra at the playing arm in tennis players and both arms in paraplegics. Traumatic extremity loss in amputees or paralysis of the lower limb musculature in paraplegics are connected with a reduction of the dimensions of the supplying arm (SUB, BRA) or leg (FEM, POP) arteries. The dimensional changes are associated with a concomitant increase or decrease of regional blood flow. The results indicated structural and functional adaptations of muscular type extremity arteries dependent on the metabolic demands of the extremity musculature.
机译：迄今为止，关于人类动脉血管系统内训练诱发的适应性的仅有很少的结论性研究。因此，我们调查了非残疾和残疾运动员的中央和外周动脉，这些运动员表现出由于训练或身体残障导致的上肢和下肢肌肉组织的不同功能特性。在未经训练和训练有素的非残障受试者（32名未经训练的学生（UT），18名网球运动员（TP）），久坐（UPP，N = 16）和轮椅训练的截瘫患者（TPP，N = 26）以及经过训练的截肢者中（手臂截肢者（A-AM），N-11；腿截肢者（L-AM），N = 17）通过双工超声检查分析了弹性型主动脉和肌肉型肢体动脉。使用3.5 / 5 MHz扇形探头确定锁骨下（Sub），肱（Bra），股（Fem）和pop（Pop）动脉以及胸（AOT）和腹主动脉（AOA）的舒张直径（D）。计算出横截面积（CSA）（CSA = 3.14·（D / 2）〜2），并根据体表面积（BSA）（CSA / BSA）进行设置，并使用a来测量局部血流量（BF / MIN）。脉搏多普勒并根据心率（BF / HR）进行设置，与UT相比，UPP和TPP中Fern和Pop的舒张直径（30-40％）和QSA / BSA（50-70％）显着降低。在A-AM和L-AM受伤肢体的近端病变中，D和QSA / CSA的减少程度相似，TPP则显示Sub的舒张直径（15-25％）和CSA / BSA（30-50％）显着增加与UPP和UT相比，TP中游戏臂的Sub和Bra的舒张直径（20％）和CSA / BSA（40％）与对侧相比显着升高，四肢的D和CSA / BSA的变化相似在A-AM和L-AM的完整肢体中发现了动脉，AOT和AOA在所有组中均没有显示出明显的尺寸变化，Sub和Fern的尺寸变化与BF /的相应变化有关。人力资源部定期训练上肢肌肉组织与网球运动员打球时Sub和Bra尺寸的增大以及截瘫患者中双臂的尺寸增大有关。截肢者的创伤性肢体丧失或截瘫患者的下肢肌肉麻痹与供应臂（SUB，BRA）或腿部（FEM，POP）动脉的缩小有关。尺寸变化与局部血流的增加或减少有关。结果表明肌肉型四肢动脉的结构和功能适应取决于四肢肌肉的代谢需求。

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