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首页> 外文期刊>Deutsche Zeitschrift fur Sportmedisin >Mechanismen peripherer und zentraler Ermüdung und Regeneration nach Kurzzeit- und Langzeit-Überlastung in Ausdauer-Sportarten
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Mechanismen peripherer und zentraler Ermüdung und Regeneration nach Kurzzeit- und Langzeit-Überlastung in Ausdauer-Sportarten

机译：耐力运动中短期和长期超负荷后外周和中央疲劳和再生的机制

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Short-term overtraining-related peripheral fatigue is fluently supplemented by additional central fatigue during long-term overtraining of more than 2 weeks. Peripheral fatigue primarily describes fatigue of skeletal musculature, whereas central fatigue is originating in the brain. Consequences are persistent high fatigue ratings and performance incompetence. During short term overtraining, appropriate regeneration can be expected in less than 2 regeneration weeks. In this regard, regeneration includes 50 - 70 % reduction in training load. A so-called parasym-pathetic or Addison type overtraining syndrome may be the consequence of long-term overtraining in endurance sports since it reminds of a mild form of Addison disease. Decrease in neuromuscular excitability, in turnover of contractile skeletal muscle proteins, in 132-adrenoreceptor density and respective turnover of energy-rich substrates, and in adrenal responsiveness are described as mechanisms underlying peripheral fatigue, beside iron deficiency and increased muscular stress protein synthesis. In this stage, neuronal noradrenaline, pituitary ACTH-, and GH responses are compensatorily increased. However in an advanced stage, pituitary ACTH-, GH responses, and intrinsic sympathetic activity are clearly reduced. From an operational standpoint, the underlying mechanism may be described as hypo- thalamic inhibitory > excitatory imbalance. Normalization takes more than 2 regeneration weeks with the consequence of an additional detraining effect. During sports practice, the described one dimensional overtraining regeneration model is modified in a complex manner by factors such as non-training stress factors, additional competitions, inappropriate regeneration periods, and individual factors.
机译：在超过2周的长期过度训练中，短期过度训练相关的周围疲劳得到了额外的中枢疲劳的补充。周围疲劳主要描述骨骼肌的疲劳，而中枢疲劳起源于大脑。结果是持续的高疲劳等级和性能不足。在短期过度训练期间，可以在不到2周的再生时间内实现适当的再生。在这方面，再生包括减少50-70％的训练负荷。所谓的副交感神经病或Addison型过度训练综合症可能是耐力运动长期过度训练的结果，因为它提醒人们轻度的Addison病。神经肌肉兴奋性的降低，骨骼肌收缩蛋白的代谢，132肾上腺素受体密度的降低以及能量丰富底物的相应代谢的降低以及肾上腺反应性的降低被认为是周围疲劳的基础，此外还有铁缺乏和肌肉压力蛋白合成增加。在此阶段，神经元去甲肾上腺素，垂体ACTH-和GH反应得到补偿性增加。然而，在晚期阶段，脑垂体ACTH，GH反应和内在交感神经活动明显减少。从操作的角度来看，潜在的机制可能被描述为下丘脑抑制>兴奋性失衡。归一化需要2个以上的再生周，因此会产生额外的抑制作用。在体育锻炼期间，所描述的一维过度训练再生模型会以复杂的方式通过诸如非训练压力因素，附加比赛，不适当的再生时间和个体因素等因素进行修改。

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