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Spatial patterns of land surface phenology relative to monthly climate variations: US Great Plains

机译：美国大平原地区与每月气候变化相关的地表物候空间格局

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摘要

We extracted and mapped six land surface phenological metrics including: (1) the peak normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), (2) peak date, (3) start of season (SOS), (4) end of season (EOS), (5) length of growing season (LOS), and (6) cumulative NDVI from 2000 to 2009 using Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images covering the United States (US) Great Plains. Their patterns relative to monthly precipitation, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and dew points were analyzed using multiple linear regression, stepwise selection, and geographically weighted regression (GWR) analysis. Both peak NDVI and cumulative NDVI had similar spatial patterns. Their values decreased along an east to west gradient. Peak date and SOS also showed compatible patterns. The southeastern Great Plains had the earliest SOS, peak date, and the longest LOS, given its warmer temperatures and greater precipitation. Dew points in March and October as well as the maximum temperature in April highly influenced the SOS, while dew point in August was found more influential for EOS and LOS. Precipitation in March and September also affected the total cumulative NDVI. The GWR models performed better than the OLS because the GWR utilized the spatial relationships between the different variables resulting from local level processes. The regression models predicted peak NDVI and cumulative NDVI better than the other phenological indices.
机译：我们提取并绘制了六个土地表面物候指标，其中包括：（1）归一化差异植被指数（NDVI）的峰值，（2）高峰日期，（3）季节的开始（SOS），（4）季节的结束（EOS）， （5）生长期长度（LOS），以及（6）使用覆盖美国（美国）大平原地区的中分辨率成像光谱仪（MODIS）图像，从2000年到2009年累积NDVI。使用多元线性回归，逐步选择和地理加权回归（GWR）分析了它们相对于月降水量，最高温度，最低温度和露点的模式。峰值NDVI和累积NDVI具有相似的空间格局。它们的值沿从东到西的梯度下降。高峰日期和SOS也显示出兼容的模式。东南大平原的SOS最早，峰值日期，LOS最长，因为它的温度更高且降水量更大。 3月和10月的露点以及4月的最高温度严重影响了SOS，而8月的露点对EOS和LOS影响更大。 3月和9月的降水也影响了NDVI的累积总量。 GWR模型比OLS表现更好，因为GWR利用了局部过程产生的不同变量之间的空间关系。回归模型预测峰值NDVI和累积NDVI优于其他物候指标。

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