Three-dimensional deformation monitoring and simulations for the preventive conservation of architectural heritage: a case study of the Angkor Wat Temple, Cambodia

Chen Fulong; Xu Hang; Zhou Wei; Zheng Wenwu; Deng Yunyuan; Parcharidis Issaak

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Three-dimensional deformation monitoring and simulations for the preventive conservation of architectural heritage: a case study of the Angkor Wat Temple, Cambodia

机译：建筑遗产预防措施的三维变形监测与仿真 - 以柬埔寨吴哥窟寺的案例研究

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Architectural heritage has important historical, artistic, and technological value. However, these sites are subject to long-term degradation and are sensitive to disturbances from the surrounding landscape, resulting in the potential deterioration of the architecture. Deformation is a quantitative indicator of the vulnerability of architectural heritage. The extraction of three-dimensional (3D) deformation via existing geodetic approaches, such as global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), proves to be a challenging task. In this study, we proposed an adaptable methodology for the preventive monitoring of architectural heritage by integrating differential SAR tomography (D-TomoSAR) and a finite element method (FEM) to overcome the limitations of current geodetic approaches in cultural applications (i.e., sparse measurements in space; time- and labor-intensive). The Angkor Wat Temple, a well-known monument at the Angkor World Heritage site, Cambodia, was selected as the investigation target. We used D-TomoSAR to calculate the deformation, height, and thermal dilation of the structure using 46 TerraSAR-X images acquired during 2011-2013. InSAR deformation measurements were used as the constraint for the 3D deformation simulation and structural monitoring using an integrated approach to diagnose the soundness of the architectural structure. The experimental results demonstrate the following: 1) the integration of InSAR measurements prevented the underestimation of structural instabilities and linked the simplified physical model and mechanical parameters to the FEM simulation. 2) The Angkor Wat Temple appeared stable; however, structural instabilities were detected with an absolute deformation rate of up to 3 mm/yr. 3) Daily changes in thermal-related deformations caused by incoming frontal and posterior solar radiation-induced the bending of the architecture and the risk of structural defects. Our study reveals the defect mechanism of the Angkor Wat Temple and demonstrates the potential of the proposed method for the health diagnosis and preventive safeguarding of architectural heritages across the globe.

机译：建筑遗产具有重要的历史，艺术和技术价值。然而，这些网站受到长期退化，对来自周围景观的扰动敏感，导致架构的潜在恶化。变形是建筑遗产脆弱性的定量指标。通过现有的大地测量方法提取三维（3D）变形，例如全局导航卫星系统（GNSS）和干涉式合成孔径雷达（INSAR），证明是一个具有挑战性的任务。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种通过整合差分SAR断层扫描（D-Tomosar）和有限元方法（FEM）来预防建筑遗产的适应性方法，以克服文化应用中当前大地测量方法的限制（即稀疏测量在太空中;时间和劳动密集型）。选择了吴哥世界遗产，柬埔寨的着名纪念碑，柬埔寨吴哥窟寺被选为调查目标。我们使用D-Tomosar计算使用2011-2013期间获得的46个Terrasar-X图像的结构的变形，高度和热扩展。使用综合方法用作3D变形模拟和结构监测的约束，以诊断架构结构的声音，用作3D变形模拟和结构监测的约束。实验结果证明以下：1）漫游测量的集成阻止了低估了结构不稳定性，并将简化的物理模型和机械参数与FEM模拟联系起来。 2）吴哥窟寺庙出现稳定;然而，检测到结构不稳定性，其绝对变形率高达3毫米/毫升。 3）通过传入的正面和后部太阳辐射引起的热相关变形的日常变化 - 诱导架构的弯曲和结构缺陷的风险。我们的研究揭示了吴哥窟寺庙的缺陷机制，并展示了全球健康诊断和预防性保护建筑遗产的潜在方法。

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来源
《GIScience & remote sensing》 |2021年第2期|217-234|共18页
作者
Chen Fulong; Xu Hang; Zhou Wei; Zheng Wenwu; Deng Yunyuan; Parcharidis Issaak;
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作者单位

Hengyang Normal Univ Cooperat Innovat Ctr Digitalizat Cultural Heritag Hengyang Peoples R China|Chinese Acad Sci Key Lab Digital Earth Sci Aerosp Informat Res Inst Beijing Peoples R China|Int Ctr Space Technol Nat & Cultural Heritage Aus Beijing Peoples R China;

Chinese Acad Sci Key Lab Digital Earth Sci Aerosp Informat Res Inst Beijing Peoples R China|Univ Chinese Acad Sci Coll Resources & Environm Beijing Peoples R China;

Chinese Acad Sci Key Lab Digital Earth Sci Aerosp Informat Res Inst Beijing Peoples R China|Int Ctr Space Technol Nat & Cultural Heritage Aus Beijing Peoples R China;

Hengyang Normal Univ Cooperat Innovat Ctr Digitalizat Cultural Heritag Hengyang Peoples R China;

Hengyang Normal Univ Coll City & Tourism Hengyang Peoples R China;

Harokopio Univ Athens Dept Geog Kallithea Athens Greece;

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正文语种 eng
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InSAR; numerical simulation; three-dimensional deformation; architectural heritage; angkor Wat;

机译：insar;数值模拟;三维变形;建筑遗产;吴哥窟;

Three-dimensional deformation monitoring and simulations for the preventive conservation of architectural heritage: a case study of the Angkor Wat Temple, Cambodia

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