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Learning-by-Exporting: Micro-dynamic Evidence from Taiwan

机译：出口学习：来自台湾的微观动力学证据

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摘要

Do firms become more efficient after becoming exporters? Widespread empirical evidence indicates that exporting manufacturers achieve higher productivity levels than non-exporting manufacturers. Two explanations, self-selection and learning-by-exporting, are proposed in the literature, with the self-selection theory arguing that firms with higher productivity levels self-select into the highly competitive export market, whilst the learning-by-exporting theory argues that firms become more efficient after becoming exporters. Although the self-selection effect has the support of many empirical studies, the learning effect still has little or no empirical support, and is inconsistent with many of the micro-survey studies. We illustrate numerically that since it is heavily reliant upon an examination of productivity differential between exporters and non-exporters, the commonly-adopted approach may suffer from an underestimation of the learning effect in the export market. Such underestimation is also apparent when the underlying economy becomes more open to world markets. As a complement, we provide an alternative empirical strategy based upon active learning theory, and apply this to Taiwanese manufacturing census data for the years 1986, 1991 and 1996. We find that learning effects are empirically supported for both the export and non-export markets. Furthermore, we find that the learning effect in the non-export market is much stronger than in the export market.
机译：公司成为出口商后，效率会提高吗？广泛的经验证据表明，出口制造商的生产率水平要高于非出口制造商。文献中提出了两种解释，即自我选择和出口学习。自我选择理论认为，生产力水平较高的企业会自我选择进入竞争激烈的出口市场，而出口学习则认为认为企业成为出口商后会变得更有效率。尽管自我选择效应得到了许多实证研究的支持，但学习效果仍然很少或没有实证支持，并且与许多微观调查研究不一致。我们用数字说明，由于它严重依赖于检验出口商和非出口商之间的生产率差异，因此，通常采用的方法可能会被低估出口市场中的学习效果。当基础经济对世界市场更加开放时，这种低估也很明显。作为补充，我们提供基于主动学习理论的替代性经验策略，并将其应用于1986、1991和1996年的台湾制造业普查数据。我们发现，出口和非出口市场的学习效果都得到了经验支持。此外，我们发现非出口市场的学习效果比出口市场要强得多。

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