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Exploring the critical state properties and major principal stress rotation of sand in direct shear test using the distinct element method

机译：用离散元方法探索直接剪切试验中砂的临界状态性质和主要主应力旋转

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摘要

This paper provides insights into the critical state properties and major principal stress rotation of sands in direct shear tests using the distinct element method (DEM), in which a three dimensional contact model considering rolling and twisting resistances proposed by the authors was implemented. Firstly, the DEM was used to simulate a series of direct shear tests. Then the macroscopic characteristics of the DEM samples and the critical state properties within the shear band were analyzed, including the major principal stress rotation and the stress level dependency of peak strength. Finally the effect of the grain angularity was investigated. The rolling and twisting resistances were separately considered to check their individual effects. The results demonstrate the strong capability of DEM with the 3D contact model to capture the mechanical behavior of sands in direct shear tests. After a global shear strain of 15%, the shear zone reached the critical state while the whole sample did not. The major principal stress rotation angle evolved in a similar trend to that of the shear stress, and the stress level dependency of the peak strength of dense sand can be attributed to the fact that the vertical stress affects the rotation of the major principal stress. Higher shear strength, more obvious dilatancy and upward move of critical state line on the e-lgp plane were obtained when larger values of shape parameter (leading to greater rolling and twisting resistances) were used. And twisting resistance is much less important relatively in the presence of rolling resistance.
机译：本文提供了使用离散元法（DEM）在直接剪切试验中砂土的临界状态特性和主要主应力旋转的见解，其中采用了作者提出的考虑滚动阻力和扭转阻力的三维接触模型。首先，DEM用于模拟一系列直接剪切测试。然后分析了DEM样品的宏观特性和剪切带内的临界状态特性，包括主要主应力旋转和峰值强度的应力水平依赖性。最后，研究了晶粒棱角的影响。分别考虑了滚动阻力和扭转阻力，以检查其各自的作用。结果表明，DEM具有3D接触模型的强大功能，可以在直接剪切试验中捕获砂土的力学行为。在15％的整体剪切应变后，剪切区达到了临界状态，而整个样品没有达到临界状态。主应力主旋转角的变化趋势与切应力相似，致密砂峰强度的应力水平依赖性可以归因于垂直应力影响主应力旋转的事实。当使用较大的形状参数值（导致更大的抗滚动和扭曲性能）时，可获得更高的剪切强度，更明显的膨胀性和临界状态线在e-lgp平面上的移动。并且在存在滚动阻力的情况下，相对而言，抗扭转性的重要性要小得多。

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