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Onset of structural evolution in granular materials as a redundancy problem

机译：粒状材料中结构演化的开始是一个冗余问题

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The present paper is concerned with the redundancy of equations describing the static equilibrium of a granular assembly in relation to emergent behavioural features in granular materials such as critical state, jamming transition, instabilities and yielding. It is proposed to link the concept of jamming to critical state phenomena by introducing a limiting micromechanical state at which large plastic (dissipative) structural evolution can occur, while static equilibrium is still maintained. Such a state, herein coined as a Stable Evolution State (SES), can be numerically determined based on a number of 2D Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations on loose granular assemblies for a given interparticle friction, but with varying contact stiffnesses, and subjected to various loading paths. By tracing the evolutions of essential micro-variables such as fabric (contact normal) anisotropy, coordination number and rigidity ratio (ratio of mean contact force to contact stiffness and diameter) as well as the onset of plastic dissipation, a well-defined limit surface emerges in the space spanning coordination number, fabric anisotropy and rigidity ratio. Interestingly, the same surface is reached when conducting other DEM simulations on dense granular assemblies with the same interparticle friction along a variety of loading paths and control conditions, thereby verifying the existence of such a characteristic SES surface. This suggests a new reference state in granular materials which facilitates the mathematical formulation of multiscale constitutive laws as it provides an essential link to plastic yielding and critical state in geomaterials.
机译：本文关注与描述粒状装配体的静态平衡有关的方程的冗余性，这些方程与粒状材料中的紧急行为特征（例如临界状态，阻塞转变，不稳定性和屈服）有关。建议通过引入一个限制的微机械状态将干扰的概念与临界状态现象联系起来，在该状态下可能发生大的塑性（耗散）结构演变，同时仍保持静态平衡。对于给定的粒子间摩擦力，但具有变化的接触刚度，可以基于松散颗粒组件上的多个2D离散元素方法（DEM）模拟，以数值方式确定这种状态（在本文中称为稳定演化状态（SES））到各种装载路径。通过追踪基本微变量的演变，例如织物（接触法向）的各向异性，配位数和刚度比（平均接触力与接触刚度和直径之比）以及塑性消散的开始，一个明确定义的极限表面出现在跨越协调数，织物各向异性和刚度比的空间中。有趣的是，当沿着各种加载路径和控制条件在具有相同粒子间摩擦的致密颗粒组件上执行其他DEM模拟时，可以到达同一表面，从而验证了这种特征性SES表面的存在。这表明粒状材料中存在新的参考状态，这为多尺度本构法的数学表达提供了便利，因为它提供了与塑性屈服和土工材料中的临界状态必不可少的联系。

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