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Micromechanics of seismic wave propagation in granular materials

机译：粒状材料中地震波传播的微力学

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In this study experimental data on a model soil in a cubical cell are compared with both discrete element (DEM) simulations and continuum analyses. The experiments and simulations used point source transmitters and receivers to evaluate the shear and compression wave velocities of the samples, from which some of the elastic moduli can be deduced. Complex responses to perturbations generated by the bender/extender piezoceramic elements in the experiments were compared to those found by the controlled movement of the particles in the DEM simulations. The generally satisfactory agreement between experimental observations and DEM simulations can be seen as a validation and support the use of DEM to investigate the influence of grain interaction on wave propagation. Frequency domain analyses that considered filtering of the higher frequency components of the inserted signal, the ratio of the input and received signals in the frequency domain and sample resonance provided useful insight into the system response. Frequency domain analysis and analytical continuum solutions for cube vibration show that the testing configuration excited some, but not all, of the system's resonant frequencies. The particle scale data available from DEM enabled analysis of the energy dissipation during propagation of the wave. Frequency domain analysis at the particle scale revealed that the higher frequency content reduces with increasing distance from the point of excitation.
机译：在这项研究中，将立方单元模型土壤中的实验数据与离散元（DEM）模拟和连续分析进行了比较。实验和仿真使用点源发射器和接收器评估样品的剪切波和压缩波速度，从中可以推导出一些弹性模量。将对弯曲/扩展压电陶瓷元件在实验中产生的扰动的复杂响应与通过DEM模拟中的粒子受控运动发现的响应进行了比较。实验观察和DEM模拟之间普遍令人满意的协议可以看作是一种验证，并支持使用DEM研究晶粒相互作用对波传播的影响。频域分析考虑了对插入信号的较高频率分量的滤波，频域中输入信号和接收信号的比率以及采样谐振，对系统响应提供了有用的见解。立方体振动的频域分析和分析连续性解决方案表明，测试配置激发了系统的某些而非全部共振频率。可从DEM获得的粒度数据可以分析波传播期间的能量耗散。在粒子尺度上的频域分析表明，较高的频率含量随着距激发点距离的增加而降低。

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