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Side pressure anomalies in 2D packings of frictionless spheres

机译：无摩擦球的二维填料中的侧压力异常

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The pressure in a dish filled with resting sand quickly saturates downward as a consequence of friction forces. This fact is often quoted to introduce granular material as a distinctive form of matter that exhibits behaviour rather different from that of ordinary liquids. One would expect that hydrostatics is fully recovered when friction is switched off. Here we demonstrate in a simple model system that even frictionless grains manifest unanticipated properties. First, wall induced layering in combination with a wedge effect leads to extremely large local pressures near the walls at the bottom of rectangular containers, and this feature does not vanish for diverging container width. Second, for mono-disperse packings the average horizontal force is much weaker on the side walls than the hydrostatic value, but approaches the latter for increasing polydispersity. Third, the average sidewall force shows marked oscillations as a function of container width, which can be considered as a measure of wall-to-wall correlations.
机译：由于摩擦力的作用，装满静止沙子的碟子中的压力迅速向下饱和。人们经常引用这一事实来介绍粒状物质，作为一种独特的物质形式，表现出与普通液体不同的行为。人们会期望，当摩擦断开后，静水压力会完全恢复。在这里，我们在一个简单的模型系统中证明了即使无摩擦的晶粒也表现出了出乎意料的特性。首先，与楔形效应相结合的壁诱导分层导致在矩形容器底部的壁附近产生极大的局部压力，并且该特征不会因容器宽度的分散而消失。第二，对于单分散填料，侧壁上的平均水平力比静水力值要弱得多，但要增加多分散性，应接近后者。第三，平均侧壁力显示出明显的振荡，该振荡是容器宽度的函数，可以认为是壁对壁相关性的量度。

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