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Modes of wall induced granular crystallisation in vibrational packing

机译：振动包装中壁诱导颗粒结晶的模式

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Granular crystallisation is an important phenomenon whereby ordered packing structures form in granular matter under vibration. However, compared with the well-developed principles of crystallisation at the atomic scale, crystallisation in granular matter remains relatively poorly understood. To investigate this behaviour further and bridge the fields of granular matter and materials science, we simulated mono-dispersed spheres confined in cylindrical containers to study their structural dynamics during vibration. By applying adequate vibration, disorder-to-order transitions were induced. Such transitions were characterised at the particle scale through bond orientation order parameters. As a result, emergent crystallisation was indicated by the enhancement of the local order of individual particles and the number of ordered particles. The observed heterogeneous crystallisation was characterised by the evolution of the spatial distributions via coarse-graining the order index. Crystalline regimes epitaxially grew from templates formed near the container walls during vibration, here termed the wall effect. By varying the geometrical dimensions of cylindrical containers, the obtained crystallised structures were found to differ at the cylindrical wall zone and the planar bottom wall zone. The formed packing structures were quantitatively compared to X-ray tomography results using again these order parameters. The findings here provide a microscopic perspective for developing laws governing structural dynamics in granular matter.
机译：颗粒结晶是一种重要现象，在振动下颗粒状物质会形成有序堆积结构。但是，与发达的原子级结晶原理相比，粒状物质的结晶仍然相对缺乏了解。为了进一步研究这种行为并桥接颗粒物质和材料科学领域，我们模拟了限制在圆柱形容器中的单分散球体，以研究其在振动过程中的结构动力学。通过施加适当的振动，诱导了无序到有序的转变。通过键取向顺序参数在粒子尺度上表征了这种转变。结果，通过增加单个颗粒的局部顺序和有序颗粒的数量表明出现了结晶。所观察到的非均质结晶的特征在​​于通过粗粒度的有序指数的空间分布的演变。晶体状态从在振动过程中在容器壁附近形成的模板外延生长，这里称为壁效应。通过改变圆柱形容器的几何尺寸，发现获得的结晶结构在圆柱形壁区域和平坦底壁区域不同。再次使用这些有序参数将形成的堆积结构与X射线断层扫描结果进行定量比较。本文的发现为微观规律的发展提供了微观视角。

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