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Suitable rolling resistance model for quasi-static shear tests of non-spherical particles via discrete element method

机译：适用于非球形颗粒准静态剪切试验的离散元法滚动阻力模型

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摘要

Rolling resistance is a main consideration in quasi-static shear test simulations of particles via the discrete element method. However, not all rolling resistance models can satisfy the required objectivity and rate independence. A suitable model for spherical particles has been selected from five models in our previous works. In the current study, this model is combined with four normal and tangential contact models to confirm its applicability. After confirmation, the model is generalized to simulate direct shear tests on non-spherical particles. The stress-strain and dilatancy curves are rate-independent, and the relative rolling velocity between particles is objective. Furthermore, objectivity and rate independence for arbitrarily shaped particles are unchanged when normal stresses, volume fractions, or normal and tangential contact models are changed. Simulation results are also consistent with other experiment findings. For comparison, results are calculated for two other rolling resistance models; the shear curve at a single speed is consistent with the experiment, which has three stages: elastoplastic increasing, yielding, and keeping. However, the stress-strain curves at different shear rates do not coincide, which means that the models conflict with the rate independence of quasi-static granular systems. The virtues and defects of the five rolling resistance models are discussed from the perspectives of objectivity and rate independence. These two properties provide criteria for determining the appropriateness of a model, which has been rarely discussed in former studies.
机译：滚动阻力是通过离散元法对颗粒进行准静态剪切试验的主要考虑因素。但是，并非所有的滚动阻力模型都能满足所需的客观性和速率独立性。在我们以前的工作中，已经从五个模型中选择了一个合适的球形颗粒模型。在当前的研究中，此模型与四个法向和切向接触模型结合以确认其适用性。确认后，将模型推广到模拟非球形颗粒的直接剪切试验。应力-应变曲线和剪胀曲线与速率无关，并且粒子之间的相对滚动速度是客观的。此外，当改变法向应力，体积分数或法向和切向接触模型时，任意形状的粒子的客观性和速率无关性都不会改变。仿真结果也与其他实验结果一致。为了比较，计算了另外两个滚动阻力模型的结果；单速剪切曲线与实验是一致的，它分为三个阶段：弹塑性增加，屈服和保持。然而，不同剪切速率下的应力-应变曲线并不重合，这意味着模型与准静态​​颗粒系统的速率独立性相冲突。从客观性和速率独立性的角度讨论了五个滚动阻力模型的优缺点。这两个属性提供了确定模型适当性的标准，这在以前的研究中很少讨论。

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