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An Unsteady State Tracer Method for Characterizing Fractures in Bedrock Wells

机译：基岩井裂缝特征的非稳态示踪方法

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摘要

Evaluating contaminants impacting wells in fractured crystalline rock requires knowledge of the individual fractures contributing water. This typically involves using a sequence of tools including downhole geophysics, flow meters, and straddle packers. In conjunction with each other these methods are expensive, time consuming, and can be logistically difficult to implement. This study demonstrates an unsteady state tracer method as a cost-effective alternative for gathering fracture information in wells. The method entails introducing tracer dye throughout the well, inducing fracture flow into the well by conducting a slug test and then profiling the tracer concentration in the well to locate water contributing fractures where the dye has been diluted. By monitoring the development of the dilution zones within the wellbore with time, the transmissivity and the hydraulic head of the water contributing fractures can be determined. Ambient flow conditions and the contaminant concentration within the fractures can also be determined from the tracer dilution. This method was tested on a large physical model well and a bedrock well. The model well was used to test the theory underlying the method and to refine method logistics. The approach located the fracture and generated transmissivity values that were in excellent agreement with those calculated by slug testing. For the bedrock well tested, two major active fractures were located. Fracture location and ambient well conditions matched results from conventional methods. Estimates of transmissivity values by the tracer method were within an order of magnitude of those calculated using heat-pulse flow meter data.
机译：要评估影响破裂的晶体岩石中的油井的污染物，需要了解各个裂缝对水的贡献。这通常涉及使用一系列工具，包括井下地球物理，流量计和跨式封隔器。这些方法相互结合，既昂贵，费时，又在逻辑上难以实现。这项研究证明了非稳态示踪剂方法是一种用于收集井中裂缝信息的经济有效的替代方法。该方法需要将示踪剂染料引入整个井中，通过进行段塞测试来诱导裂缝流向井中，然后对示踪剂浓度进行分布分析，以找到有助于稀释裂缝的水，其中染料已被稀释。通过随时间监视井筒内稀释区的发展，可以确定水致裂缝的透射率和水力头。裂缝内的环境流动条件和污染物浓度也可以通过示踪剂稀释来确定。该方法在大型物理模型井和基岩井上进行了测试。该模型很好地用于检验该方法的基础理论并完善方法的后勤工作。该方法确定了裂缝，并产生了与通过段塞测试计算得出的值非常一致的透射率值。对于经过良好测试的基岩，发现了两个主要的活动裂缝。裂缝位置和周围井况与常规方法的结果相符。示踪法估算的透射率值在使用热脉冲流量计数据计算的透射率值的数量级内。

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  • 来源
    《Ground water》 |2014年第1期|136-144|共9页
  • 作者

    Jill L Libby; Gary A. Robbins;

  • 作者单位

    Center for Integrative Geosciences,University of Connecticut, 354 Mansfield Road U-1045, Storrs, CT;

    Department of Natural Resources and the Environment,University of Connecticut, 1376 Storrs Road, Storrs, CT 062694087;

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