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Spatial Quantification of Groundwater Abstraction in the Irrigated Indus Basin

机译：灌溉印度河盆地地下水抽取的空间量化

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摘要

Groundwater abstraction and depletion were assessed at a 1-km resolution in the irrigated areas of the Indus Basin using remotely sensed evapotranspiration (ET) and precipitation; a process-based hydrological model and spatial information on canal water supplies. A calibrated Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to derive total annual irrigation applied in the irrigated areas of the basin during the year 2007. The SWAT model was parameterized by station corrected precipitation data (R) from the Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission, land use, soil type, and outlet locations. The model was calibrated using a new approach based on spatially distributed ET fields derived from different satellite sensors. The calibration results were satisfactory and strong improvements were obtained in the Nash-Sutcliffe criterion (0.52 to 0.93), bias (-17.3% to -0.4%), and the Pearson correlation coefficient (0.78 to 0.93). Satellite information on R and ET was then combined with model results of surface runoff, drainage, and percolation to derive groundwater abstraction and depletion at a nominal resolution of 1 km. It was estimated that in 2007, 68 km3 (262 mm) of groundwater was abstracted in the Indus Basin while 31km~3 (121 mm) was depleted. The mean error was 41 mm/year and 62 mm/year at 50% and 70% probability of exceedance, respectively. Pakistani and Indian Punjab and Haryana were the most vulnerable areas to groundwater depletion and strong measures are required to maintain aquifer sustainability.
机译：利用遥感的蒸散量和降水量，以1公里的分辨率评估了印度河流域灌溉区的地下水抽取和枯竭。基于过程的水文模型和有关运河供水的空间信息。使用校准的土壤和水评估工具（SWAT）模型得出2007年该流域灌溉地区的年度总灌溉量。SWAT模型由热带降雨监测团的站校正降水数据（R）参数化，土地用途，土壤类型和出口位置。使用基于从不同卫星传感器获得的空间分布ET场的新方法，对模型进行了校准。校准结果令人满意，并且在纳什-萨特克利夫标准（0.52至0.93），偏差（-17.3％至-0.4％）和皮尔逊相关系数（0.78至0.93）方面获得了很大的改进。然后将有关R和ET的卫星信息与地表径流，排水和渗流的模型结果相结合，以1 km的名义分辨率得出地下水的抽取和消耗。据估计，在2007年，印度河流域抽取了68 km3（262毫米）的地下水，而31km〜3（121毫米）的水资源被耗尽。平均误差分别为41毫米/年和62毫米/年，超出概率分别为50％和70％。巴基斯坦，印度旁遮普邦和哈里亚纳邦是最容易遭受地下水枯竭的地区，因此需要采取强有力的措施来保持含水层的可持续性。

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  • 来源
    《Ground water》 |2014年第1期|25-36|共12页
  • 作者

    MJ.M. Cheema; W.W. Immerzeel; W.G.M. Bastiaanssen;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Irrigation and Drainage, University of Agriculture, Fasialabad, Pakistan,Water Management Department, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands;

    Future Water, Costerweg 1G, 6702 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands,Department of Physical Geography, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands;

    Water Management Department, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands,eLEAF Competence Center, Generaal Foulkesweg 28, 6703 BS Wageningen, The Netherlands;

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