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On Evaluating Characteristics of the Solute Transport in the Arid Vadose Zone

机译：干旱渗流带溶质运移的评价特征

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摘要

The transport of bromide (Br) under matric heads of 0, -2, -5, and -10 cm using undisturbed soil columns was investigated for understanding the solute transport in arid soils. Undisturbed soil cores were collected at ground surface, directly below where tension infiltrometer measurements were made in the Amargosa Desert, Nevada, United States. Laboratory experiments were conducted by introducing water containing Br tracer into a soil column maintained at steady-state conditions. The observed data of breakthrough curves (BTC) were well fitted to an one-region model, except for the cores at saturation, and a core at the matric head of -5 cm, from which the observed data were better fitted to a two-region model. Fitted pore water velocities with the one-region model ranged from 1.2 to 56.6 cm/h, and fitted dispersion coefficients (D) ranged from 2.2 to 100 cm~2/h. Results for the core analyzed with the two-region model indicated that D ranged from 27.6 to 70.9cm~2/h at saturation, and 25.7cm~2/h at the matric head of -5 cm; fraction of mobile water (β) ranged from 0.18 to 0.65, and mass transfer coefficient (ω) ranged from 0.006 to 0.03. In summary, the water fluxes and Br dispersion coefficients at investigated matric heads were very high due to the coarseness of the soils and possibly due to preferential flow pathways. These high water fluxes and Br dispersion coefficients would lead to a higher risk of deeper leaching accumulating nitrate nitrogen to the groundwater, and have significant effects on the desert ecosystem.
机译：为了了解溶质在干旱土壤中的迁移，研究了使用未扰动土壤柱在0，-2，-5和-10 cm头下溴化物（Br）的迁移。在美国内华达州Amargosa沙漠中张力渗透仪测量的正下方，收集了未受干扰的土壤核心。通过将含Br示踪剂的水引入保持稳定状态的土壤柱中进行实验室实验。突破曲线（BTC）的观测数据非常适合于一个区域模型，但岩心处于饱和状态，而岩心在矩阵头处为-5 cm，从中可以更好地将观测数据拟合为两个区域。区域模型。一区模型拟合孔隙水速度为1.2〜56.6 cm / h，拟合分散系数（D）为2.2〜100 cm〜2 / h。用两区模型分析岩心的结果表明，D在饱和时为27.6至70.9cm〜2 / h，在-5 cm时为25.7cm〜2 / h。流动水的分数（β）介于0.18至0.65之间，传质系数（ω）介于0.006至0.03之间。总而言之，由于土壤的粗糙和可能由于优先的流动路径，在研究的矩阵头处的水通量和Br分散系数非常高。这些高的水通量和Br扩散系数将导致更高的向地下淋溶累积硝酸盐氮的更大风险，并对沙漠生态系统产生重大影响。

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  • 来源
    《Ground water》 |2014年第1期|50-62|共13页
  • 作者

    Zhongbo Yu; Weiquan Dong; Michael H. Young; Yiping Li; Tao Yang;

  • 作者单位

    State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China,Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada Las Vegas,Las Vegas, NV 89154;

    Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada Las Vegas,Las Vegas, NV 89154;

    Bureau of Economic Geology, Jackson School of Geosciences,University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78758;

    College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098,China;

    State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources andHydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China;

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