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Anthropogenic Impacts on a Bedrock Aquifer at the Village Scale

机译：村庄规模对基岩含水层的人为影响

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摘要

This study focuses on assessing groundwater potability in a highly complex and heterogeneous fractured bedrock aquifer having variable overburden cover. Eight monitoring wells were installed in a privately serviced lakeside village, and groundwater was routinely sampled over a 2-year timeframe for concentration analysis of nitrate, fecal indicator bacteria, stable isotopes, and a total of 41 pharmaceutical compounds. While pollutant concentrations remained low throughout the study, the presence of fecal indicator bacteria and Pharmaceuticals was noted at least once (but not always consistently) in most sampling intervals. An interpretation based on the integration of chemical, bacterial, and site characterization datasets suggests that: (1) the fracture network is complex and heterogeneous with limited vertical connectivity; (2) existing pathways are sufficient for the quick and widespread migration of surface contaminants to depth; (3) anthropogenic contaminants from both septic systems and agriculture are likely sourced in the surrounding uplands where overburden is thin; and (4) fecal contamination, as observed over the long term, is ubiquitous at the village scale. Groundwater quality is continually changing in this hydrogeologic environment and the determination of potability on the larger scale is not likely to be adequately captured with infrequent domestic well sampling (i.e., voluntary annual sampling by homeowners).
机译：这项研究的重点是评估具有变化的上覆覆盖层的高度复杂且非均质的裂隙基岩含水层中的地下水适应性。在一个私人服务的湖边村庄安装了8口监测井，并在2年的时间范围内对地下水进行了常规采样，以分析硝酸盐，粪便指示菌，稳定的同位素和总共41种药物的浓度。虽然在整个研究过程中污染物浓度仍然很低，但在大多数采样间隔中至少一次（但并非始终如一）注意到粪便指示菌和药物的存在。基于化学，细菌和部位特征数据集的整合的解释表明：（1）裂缝网络复杂且异质，垂直连通性有限； （2）现有途径足以使表面污染物迅速而广泛地迁移至深度； （3）来自化粪池系统和农业的人为污染物可能来自覆盖层薄的周围高地； （4）从长期来看，粪便污染在乡村范围内无处不在。在这种水文地质环境中，地下水水质一直在变化，如果不经常进行家庭井采样（例如，房主自愿进行年度采样），就不可能充分地确定较大规模的可饮用性。

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  • 来源
    《Ground water》 |2014年第3期|474-486|共13页
  • 作者

    John C. Kozuskanich; Kent S. Novakowski; Bruce C. Anderson; Allan S. Crowe; Vimal K. Balakrishnan;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, Ellis Hall, University Avenue, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6 Canada;

    Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, Ellis Hall, University Avenue, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6 Canada;

    Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, Ellis Hall, University Avenue, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6 Canada;

    Environment Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario, L7R 4A6 Canada;

    Environment Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario, L7R 4A6 Canada;

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