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Delineating and Quantifying Ground Water Discharge Zones Using Streambed Temperatures

机译：利用河床温度描绘和量化地下水排放区

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Streambed temperature mapping, hydraulic testing using minipiezometers, and geochemical analyses of interstitial water of the Streambed were used to delineate the pattern of ground water discharge in a sandy Streambed and to develop a flux-based conceptual model for ground water/surface water interactions. A new and simple empirical method was used to relate fluxes obtained from minipiezometer data to Streambed temperatures. The relationship allowed flux to be calculated at locations where only Streambed temperature measurements were made. Slug testing and potentiomanometer measurements at 34 piezometers indicated ground water discharge ranged from 0.03 to 446 L/m~2/day (and possibly as high as 7060 L/m~2/day) along a 60 m long by 11 to 14 m wide reach of river. Complex but similar plan-view patterns of flux were calculated for both summer and winter using hundreds of Streambed temperatures measured on a 1 by 2 m grid. The reach was dominated by ground water discharge and 5% to 7% of the area accounted for ～20% to 24% of the total discharge. < 12% of the total area consisted of recharge zones or no-discharge zones. A conceptual model for ground water/surface water interactions consisting of five different behaviors was developed based on the magnitude and direction of flux across the surface of the Streambed. The behaviors include short-circuit discharge (e.g., high-flow springs), high discharge (e.g., preferential flowpaths), low to moderate discharge, no discharge (e.g., horizontal hyporheic or ground water flow), and recharge. Geological variations at depth played a key role in determining which type of flow behavior occurred in the Streambed.
机译：利用河床温度测绘，使用微型测压仪进行水力测试以及对河床的间隙水进行地球化学分析来描绘沙质河床中地下水的排放模式，并为地下水/地表水相互作用建立基于流量的概念模型。使用一种新的简单的经验方法将从最小测压仪数据获得的通量与流化床温度联系起来。该关系允许在仅进行流床温度测量的位置计算通量。塞测试和电位计在34个压力计上的测量表明，沿60 m长，11至14 m宽的地下水排放量为0.03至446 L / m〜2 /天（可能高达7060 L / m〜2 /天）。河的范围。使用在1 x 2 m网格上测量的数百个河床温度来计算夏季和冬季的复杂但相似的通量平面图。河段以地下水为主要排放源，占总排放量的20％至24％，占总面积的5％至7％。小于12％的总面积由充电区或无放电区组成。基于流床表面通量的大小和方向，开发了由五种不同行为组成的地下水/地表水相互作用的概念模型。这些行为包括短路放电（例如高流量弹簧），高放电（例如优先流动路径），低到中等放电，不放电（例如水平流水或地下水）和补给。深度地质变化在确定流床中发生哪种流动行为方面起着关键作用。

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