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Wetland-Scale Mapping of Preferential Fresh Groundwater Discharge to the Colorado River

机译：科罗拉多河优先淡水排放的湿地规模制图

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摘要

Quantitative evaluation of groundwater/surface water exchange dynamics is universally challenging in large river systems, because existing methodology often does not yield spatially-distributed data and is difficult to apply in deeper water. Here we apply a combined near-surface geophysical and direct groundwater chemical toolkit to refine fresh groundwater discharge estimates to the Colorado River through a 4-km(2) wetland that borders the town of Moab, Utah, USA. Preliminary characterization of raw electromagnetic imaging (EMI) data, collected by kayak and by walking, was used to guide additional direct-contact electrical measurements and installation of new monitoring wells. Chemical data from the wells strongly supported the EMI spatial characterization of preferential fresh groundwater discharge embedded in natural brine groundwaters and weighted to the southern wetland section. Inversion of the EMI data revealed sub-meter scale detail regarding bulk electrical conductivity zonation across approximately 15.5 km of transects, collected in only 3 days. This electrical detail indicates processes such as salinization of the unsaturated zone and direct discharge through the Colorado River sediments and a tributary creek bed. Overall, the study contributed to a substantial reduction in fresh groundwater discharge estimates previously made using sparse existing well data and a simplified assumption of diffuse fresh groundwater discharge below the entire wetland. EMI will likely become a widely used tool in systems with natural electrical contrast as groundwater/surface water hydrogeologists continue to recognize the prevalence of preferential groundwater discharge processes.
机译：在大型河流系统中，对地下水/地表水交换动力学的定量评估普遍具有挑战性，因为现有方法通常无法获得空间分布的数据，并且难以应用于更深的水中。在这里，我们应用近地地球物理方法和直接地下水化学方法相结合的工具包，以通过与美国犹他州摩押市接壤的4公里（2）湿地向科罗拉多河提纯新鲜地下水的估算。通过皮划艇和步行收集的原始电磁成像（EMI）数据的初步表征可用于指导其他直接接触式电气测量和新监测井的安装。井中的化学数据有力地支持了天然盐水中埋藏的优先淡水优先排放的EMI空间表征，并加权到了南部湿地段。 EMI数据的反演揭示了亚米级刻度的细节，该细节涉及仅在3天之内收集的横跨大约15.5 km样线的整体电导率分区。该电气细节指示过程，例如非饱和区的盐化以及通过科罗拉多河沉积物和支流小河床的直接排放。总的来说，这项研究大大减少了以前使用稀疏的现有井数据得出的淡水地下水排放量估计值，并简化了整个湿地以下的淡水地下水弥散性假设。随着地下水/地表水文地质学家继续认识到优先地下水排放过程的普遍性，EMI可能会成为具有自然电对比度的系统中广泛使用的工具。

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  • 来源
    《Ground water》 |2019年第5期|737-748|共12页
  • 作者

    Briggs Martin A.; Nelson Nora; Gardner Philip; Solomon D. Kip; Terry Neil; Lane John W.;

  • 作者单位

    US Geol Survey Hydrogeophys Branch 11 Sherman Pl Unit 5015 Storrs CT 06269 USA;

    US Geol Survey Utah Water Sci Ctr 2329 Orton Circle Salt Lake City UT 84119 USA|Univ Utah Dept Geol & Geophys 115 S 1460 E Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA;

    US Geol Survey Utah Water Sci Ctr 2329 Orton Circle Salt Lake City UT 84119 USA;

    Univ Utah Dept Geol & Geophys 115 S 1460 E Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA;

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