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Hormonelle Steuerung des Größenwachstums

机译:激素控制大小的增长

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摘要

The normal growth pattern of a child reflects his general well-being and health. Growth is not linear but can be divided into three phases: infantile, pre-pubertal, and pubertal growth. The infantile growth depends on adequate nutrition and general health unlike pre-pubertal growth, which is controlled by the somatotropic and thyreotropic hormone axis. However sex hormones control the pubertal growth spurt. The somatotropic hormone axis consists of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factors, and their binding proteins. It regulates endocrine and local growth processes. Longitudinal bone growth occurs at the growth plate by endochondral ossification. The growth plate chondrocytes mature, undergo then apoptosis, and finally ossify. This process is controlled by different hormonal influences, but important genes also play a crucial role. For many centuries, height has continued to increase. This so-called secular trend can be explained by the improving socio-economic conditions.
机译:儿童的正常生长方式反映了他的总体健康状况。生长不是线性的,但可以分为三个阶段:婴儿期,青春期前和青春期。与青春期前的生长不同,婴儿的生长取决于充足的营养和总体健康,青春期前的生长受生长激素和促甲状腺激素轴的控制。但是,性激素控制着青春期的生长。促生长激素轴由生长激素,胰岛素样生长因子及其结合蛋白组成。它调节内分泌和局部生长过程。纵向骨生长通过软骨内骨化在生长板上发生。生长板软骨细胞成熟,然后发生凋亡,最后骨化。这个过程受不同的激素影响,但是重要的基因也起着至关重要的作用。许多世纪以来,高度一直在增加。这种所谓的长期趋势可以通过改善社会经济条件来解释。

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