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A review of microcystin detections in Estuarine and Marine waters: Environmental implications and human health risk

机译：在河口和海水中检测微囊藻毒素的综述：环境影响和人类健康风险

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摘要

Toxin production by harmful cyanobacteria blooms (CyanoHABs) constitutes a major, worldwide environmental threat to freshwater aquatic resources that is expected to expand in scale and intensity with global climate change. Extensive literature exists on the most frequently encountered cyanotoxin, microcystin, in freshwater environments. Yet, the expansion of microcystin producing CyanoHABs and the transport of contaminated inland waters to estuarine and coastal marine waters has only recently received attention. This paper synthesizes information on the salinity tolerance of microcystin producing cyanobacteria and summarizes available case reports on microcystin presence in estuarine and coastal waters. We highlight a potential food-borne exposure route to humans by reviewing the growing body of evidence that shows microcystins can accumulate in coastal seafood. These cases reinforce the importance of freshwater nutrient reduction and the need for freshwater management efforts to look beyond lacustrine and riverine systems. Events reviewed here likely only represent a small proportion of cases where microcystins affect estuarine and coastal waters. We strongly suggest increased monitoring and research efforts to understand, react to, and prevent ecological and health problems associated with the growing problem of toxic CyanoHABs in coastal environments. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
机译：有害蓝藻花蕾（CyanoHABs）产生的毒素构成了对淡水水生资源的主要全球性环境威胁，随着全球气候变化，这种威胁有望在规模和强度上扩大。关于淡水环境中最常遇到的氰毒素微囊藻毒素，已有大量文献报道。然而，产生微囊藻毒素的CyanoHAB的扩展以及将污染的内陆水运到河口和沿海海域的水只是最近才受到关注。本文综合了产生微囊藻毒素的蓝细菌的耐盐性信息，并总结了河口和沿海水域中微囊藻毒素存在的可用病例报告。通过回顾越来越多的证据表明微囊藻毒素可以在沿海海产品中积累，我们强调了潜在的食源性食物暴露于人类的途径。这些案例强调了减少淡水养分的重要性以及强调淡水管理工作以超越湖泊和河流系统的重要性。这里回顾的事件可能仅代表微囊藻毒素影响河口和沿海水域的一小部分案例。我们强烈建议加大监测和研究工作，以了解，应对和预防与有毒CyanoHAB在沿海环境中日益严重的问题有关的生态和健康问题。 （C）2016作者。由Elsevier B.V.发布

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