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首页> 外文期刊>Harmful Algae >Adding new pieces to the Azadinium (Dinophyceae) diversity and biogeography puzzle: Non-toxigenic Azadinium zhuanum sp nov from China, toxigenic A. poporum from the Mediterranean, and a non-toxigenic A-dalianense from the French Atlantic
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Adding new pieces to the Azadinium (Dinophyceae) diversity and biogeography puzzle: Non-toxigenic Azadinium zhuanum sp nov from China, toxigenic A. poporum from the Mediterranean, and a non-toxigenic A-dalianense from the French Atlantic

机译：为Azadinium（Dinophyceae）多样性和生物地理难题增添了新的元素：来自中国的非产毒Azadinium zhuanum sp nov，来自地中海的产毒A. poporum和来自法国大西洋的非产毒A-dalianense

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The marine planktonic dinophyceaen genus Azadinium is a primary source of azaspiracids, but due to their small size its diversity may be underestimated and information on its biogeography is still limited. A new Azadinium species, A. zhuanum was obtained from the East China Sea and Yellow Sea of China by incubating surface sediments. Five strains were established by isolating single germinated cells and their morphology was examined with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Azadinium zhuanum was characterized by a plate pattern of Po, cp, X, 4', 2a, 6 '', 6C, 5S, 6"', 2"", by a distinct ventral pore at the junction of Po, the first and fourth apical plates, and a conspicuous antapical spine. Moreover, Azadinium poporum was obtained for the first time from the Mediterranean by incubating surface sediment collected from Diana Lagoon (Corsica) and a new strain of Azadinium dalianense was isolated from the French Atlantic. The morphology of both strains was examined. Small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA), large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences were obtained from cultured strains. In addition, LSU sequences were obtained by single cell sequencing of two presumable A. poporum cells collected from the French Atlantic. Molecular phylogeny based on concatenated SSU, LSU and ITS sequences revealed that A. zhuanum was closest to A. polongum. French A. poporum from Corsica (Mediterranean) and from the Atlantic showed some genetic differences but were nested within one of the A. poporum ribotypes together with other European strains. Azadinium dalianense from France together with the type strain of the species from China comprised a well resolved Glade now consisting of two ribotypes. Azaspiracid profiles were analyzed for the cultured Azadinium strains using LC-MS/MS and demonstrate that the Mediterranean A. poporum strain produced AZA-2 and AZA-2 phosphate with an amount of 0.44 fg cell(-1). Azadinium zhuanum and A. dalianense did not produce detectable AZA. Results of the present study support the view of a high diversity and wide distribution of species belonging to Azadinium. The first record of AZA-2 producing A. poporum from the Mediterranean suggests that this species may be responsible for azaspiracid contaminations in shellfish from the Mediterranean Sea. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：海洋浮游藻类二氮杂藻属（Azadinium）是氮杂螺菌酸的主要来源，但由于其体积小，其多样性可能被低估了，有关其生物地理学的信息仍然有限。通过孵化地表沉积物从中国东海和黄海获得了一种新的天竺葵属植物，A。zhuanum。通过分离单个发芽细胞建立了五个菌株，并用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜检查了它们的形态。叠氮杜鹃花的特征在于Po，cp，X，4'，2a，6''，6C，5S，6'''，2''''的板型，在Po，第一和第二交界处有明显的腹孔。此外，通过孵育从戴安娜泻湖（可西嘉岛）收集的表面沉积物，从地中海首次获得了Azadinium poporum，并从法国大西洋分离出了新的Azadinium dalianense菌株。从培养的菌株中获得了小亚单位核糖体DNA（SSU rDNA），大亚单位核糖体DNA（LSU rDNA）和内部转录间隔区（ITS）序列，此外，通过两个细胞的单细胞测序获得了LSU序列。从法国大西洋收集的推测的A. poporum细胞，基于串联的SSU，LSU和ITS序列的分子系统发育研究表明，Zhuanum最接近于A. polongum。来自科西嘉岛（地中海）和大西洋的法国A. poporum表明存在一些遗传差异，但与其他欧洲品系一起被嵌套在一种A. poporum核糖型中。来自法国的Azadinium dalianense以及来自中国的该物种的类型菌株组成了一个分辨良好的Glade，现在由两种核糖型组成。使用LC-MS / MS分析了所培养的Azadinium菌株的氮杂螺旋酸谱，结果表明地中海曲霉菌株产生的AZA-2和AZA-2磷酸酯的量为0.44 fg细胞（-1）。 Azhuanium zhuanum和A. dalianense没有产生可检测的AZA。本研究的结果支持了一种观点，即属于Azadinium的物种具有高度的多样性和广泛的分布。来自地中海的AZA-2产生的A. poporum的第一个记录表明，该物种可能是造成地中海贝类中氮杂螺菌酸污染的原因。 （C）2017 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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