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首页> 外文期刊>Harmful Algae >Alexandrium and Scrippsiella cyst viability and cytoplasmic fullness in a 60-cm sediment core from Sequim Bay, WA
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Alexandrium and Scrippsiella cyst viability and cytoplasmic fullness in a 60-cm sediment core from Sequim Bay, WA

机译：来自华盛顿州塞奎姆湾的60厘米沉积岩心中的亚历山大藻和链球菌囊肿活力和胞质饱满度

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Many marine protists produce a benthic resting stage during their life history. This non-motile cyst stage can either germinate near the sediment surface to provide the inoculum for subsequent blooms or, be buried by sediment deposits over time and entrained into the sedimentary record. Buried cysts can be resuspended into the water column by mixing events (e.g., storms) or other disturbances (e.g., dredging). It is not clear how long cysts can survive while buried in the sediments and still be capable of germinating given favorable conditions. Here, the germination success of cysts produced by the potentially toxic dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium and the non-toxic dinoflagellate genus Scrippsiella is reported from a 60-cm sediment core collected in Sequim Bay, WA, in December 2011. Cysts of Alexandrium spp. and Scrippsiella spp. were isolated from 2-cm sections of the core, placed in individual wells of a 96-well plate with growth medium, imaged, incubated at favorable conditions and monitored for germination. An image analysis program, DinoCyst, was used to quantitatively measure the amount of granular storage products, presumed energy stores, inside the cytoplasm to test the hypothesis that older cysts located deeper in the sediment core will have fewer energy stores available and will be less likely to germinate. An index of the area of the cytoplasm occupied with granular storage products relative to cyst size, termed 'cytoplasmic fullness', and age, based on Pb-210 dating of surrounding sediments, was compared with germination success or failure. This research indicates that cysts of Alexandrium spp. and Scrippsiella spp. can remain viable in sediments for 60 years or longer, show little visual evidence of cytoplasmic deterioration over this timescale (as measured by cytoplasmic fullness), and that germination success is statistically similar for cysts isolated from 0-60 cm deep in the sediment core. These results suggest that a cyst's cytoplasmic fullness is not indicative of viability and that cysts located as deep as 60 cm in the sediments are as likely to germinate as surface cysts given favorable conditions. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：许多海洋生物在其生活史中会产生底栖休憩期。这种非活动性的囊肿阶段可以在沉积物表面附近发芽，为随后的开花提供接种物，或者随着时间的流逝而被沉积物掩埋并被带入沉积记录中。可以通过混合事件（例如暴风雨）或其他干扰（例如疏ging）将埋没的囊肿重悬到水柱中。目前尚不清楚囊肿在埋入沉积物中时能存活多长时间，并且在有利条件下仍能够发芽。在这里，据报道，2011年12月在华盛顿州塞奎姆湾收集的一个60厘米沉积物核心报道了潜在有毒的鞭毛藻亚历山大藻属和无毒的鞭毛藻孢囊产生的囊肿萌发成功。亚历山大囊藻。和链霉菌属。从核心的2cm切片中分离得到的芽孢杆菌，将其置于具有生长培养基的96孔板的各个孔中，成像，在有利条件下温育并监测发芽。使用图像分析程序DinoCyst定量测量细胞质内部颗粒状存储产品（假定的能量存储）的数量，以检验以下假设：位于沉积物核心深处的较旧囊肿将具有较少的可用能量存储，并且可能性较小发芽。根据周围沉积物的Pb-210年代，将相对于囊肿大小的，被颗粒状存储产物占据的细胞质面积指数（与周围沉积物的Pb-210年代相比较）与发芽成功或失败进行了比较。这项研究表明亚历山大藻属的囊肿。和链霉菌属。可以在沉积物中存活60年或更长时间，几乎没有可见的证据显示在这段时间内细胞质变质（通过细胞质丰满度衡量），并且从沉积物核心深0-60厘米处分离出的囊肿，发芽成功在统计学上相似。这些结果表明，在有利条件下，囊肿的胞浆饱满度并不代表生存力，位于沉积物中深达60 cm的囊肿可能与表面囊肿一样发芽。 （C）2015 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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