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首页> 外文期刊>Harmful Algae >Characterization of multiple isolates from an Alexandrium ostenfeldii bloom in The Netherlands
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Characterization of multiple isolates from an Alexandrium ostenfeldii bloom in The Netherlands

机译：荷兰亚历山大亚历山大大花的多个分离株的表征

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Alexandrium ostenfeldii is an emerging harmful algal bloom species forming a global threat to coastal marine ecosystems, with consequences for fisheries and shellfish production. The Oosterschelde estuary is a shallow, macrotidal and mesotrophic estuary in the southwest of The Netherlands with large stocks of mussels, oysters, and cockles. These shellfish stocks were threatened by a recent A. ostenfeldii bloom in the Ouwerkerkse Kreek, which is a brackish water creek discharging water into the Oosterschelde. Little is yet known about the characteristics of the A. ostenfeldii population in this creek. We therefore isolated 20 clones during an A. ostenfeldii bloom in 2013, and characterized these clones on their growth and toxin profile in their exponential growth phase. The cyclic imines were identified by comparison of A. ostenfeldii extracts with the retention time and CID spectra of standard solutions, or with published CID spectra. We furthermore assessed the allelochemical potency and phylogeny of a selection of 10-12 clones. Morphology and molecular phylogeny showed that all clones belong to Group 1 of A. ostenfeldii. All clones showed comparable growth rates of on average 0.22 +/- 0.03 d(-1). During exponential growth, they all produced a unique combination of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins, spirolides and gymnodimines, of which particularly the latter showed a high intra-specific variability, with a 25-fold difference between clones with the lowest and highest cell quota. Furthermore, the selected 12 clones showed high allelopathic potencies with EC50 values based on lysis assays against the cryptophyte Rhodomonas sauna between 212 and 525 A. ostenfeldii cells mL(-1). Lytic activities were lower for cell extracts, indicating an important extracellular role of these compounds. A high intra-specific variability may add to the success of genotypically diverse A. ostenfeldii blooms, and make populations resilient to changes in environmental and climatic conditions. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：奥斯滕费尔德亚历山大藻是一种新兴的有害藻华物种，对沿海海洋生态系统构成全球威胁，对渔业和贝类生产产生影响。 Oosterschelde河口是荷兰西南部的浅层，大潮汐和中营养河口，贻贝，牡蛎和蛤的数量众多。这些贝类种群受到Ouwerkerkse Kreek上最近出现的A. ostenfeldii的威胁，Ouwerkerkse Kreek是咸淡的小河，将水排入Oosterschelde。关于这条小溪中A. ostenfeldii种群的特征还知之甚少。因此，我们在2013年A. ostenfeldii盛开期间分离了20个克隆，并对这些克隆在其指数生长期的生长和毒素谱进行了表征。通过与标准溶液的保留时间和CID谱图或公开的CID谱图进行比较，可以鉴定出A. ostenfeldii提取物来鉴定环状亚胺。我们还评估了选择的10-12个克隆的化感作用力和系统发育。形态和分子系统发育研究表明，所有克隆均属于奥斯滕费尔德氏菌第1组。所有克隆均显示出可比的平均0.22 +/- 0.03 d（-1）的生长速率。在指数增长过程中，它们都产生了麻痹性贝类中毒毒素，螺内酯和裸子草胺的独特组合，其中特别是后者显示出较高的种内变异性，最低和最高细胞配额的克隆之间相差25倍。此外，基于针对212和525 A. ostenfeldii细胞mL（-1）之间的隐藻类红假单胞菌桑拿的裂解测定，所选的12个克隆显示出具有EC50值的高化感效力。细胞提取物的裂解活性较低，表明这些化合物具有重要的细胞外作用。种内高变异性可能会增加基因型多样的A. ostenfeldii开花的成功，并使种群对环境和气候条件的变化具有弹性。 （C）2015 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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