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首页> 外文期刊>Harmful Algae >Alteration of plankton communities and biogeochemical cycles by harmful Cochlodinium polykrikoides (Dinophyceae) blooms
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Alteration of plankton communities and biogeochemical cycles by harmful Cochlodinium polykrikoides (Dinophyceae) blooms

机译：有害的球藻多角藻（Dinophyceae）绽放改变了浮游生物群落和生物地球化学循环

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Cochlodinium polykrikoides is a globally distributed, ichthyotoxic, bloom-forming dinoflagellate. Blooms of C polykrikoides manifest themselves as large (many km~2) and distinct patches with cell densities exceeding 10~3 ml~(-1) while water adjacent to these patches can have low cell densities (＜100 cells ml~(-1)). While the effect of these blooms on fish and shellfish is well-known, their impacts on microbial communities and biogeochemical cycles are poorly understood. Here, we investigated plankton communities and the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, and B-vitamins within blooms of C. polykrikoides and compared them to areas in close proximity (＜100 m) with low C. polykrikoides densities. Within blooms, C. polykrikoides represented more than 90% of microplankton (＞20 μm) cells, and there were significantly more heterotrophic bacteria and picoeukaryotic phytoplankton but fewer Synechococcus. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 16S and 18S rRNA genes revealed significant differences in community composition between bloom and non-bloom samples. Inside the bloom patches, concentrations of vitamin B_(12) were significantly lower while concentrations of dissolved oxygen were significantly higher. Carbon fixation and nitrogen uptake rates were up to ten times higher within C. polykrikoides bloom patches. Ammonium was a more important source of nitrogen, relative to nitrate and urea, for microplankton within bloom patches compared to non-bloom communities. While uptake rates of vitamin B_1 were similar in bloom and non-bloom samples, vitamin B_(12) was taken up at rates five-fold higher (＞100 pmol~(-1) L_(-1) d~(-1)) in bloom samples, resulting in turn-over times of hours during blooms. This high vitamin demand likely led to the vitamin B_(12) limitation of C. polykrikoides observed during nutrient amendment experiments conducted with bloom water. Collectively, this study revealed that C. polykrikoides blooms fundamentally change microbial communities and accelerate the cycling of carbon, some nutrients, and vitamin B_(12).
机译：Cochlodinium polykrikoides是一种分布于全球的，具有鱼鳞毒性，形成花白藻的鞭毛藻。 C类多角类植物的花朵表现为大的（许多km〜2）和明显的斑块，细胞密度超过10〜3 ml〜（-1），而与这些斑块相邻的水的细胞密度低（＜100细胞ml〜（-1） ））。虽然这些水华对鱼类和贝类的影响是众所周知的，但对微生物和生物地球化学循环的影响知之甚少。在这里，我们调查了浮游生物群落和多聚衣藻的开花中碳，氮和B-维生素的循环，并将它们与低聚衣藻密度的接近区域（＜100 m）进行了比较。在花期中，多角梭菌占微浮游生物（＞ 20μm）的90％以上，异养细菌和微核的浮游植物明显多，而Synechococcus少。对16S和18S rRNA基因的末端限制性片段长度多态性分析显示，开花和非开花样本之间的群落组成存在显着差异。在水华斑块内，维生素B_（12）的浓度显着降低，而溶解氧的浓度则显着升高。在多角衣藻绽放斑块内，碳固定和氮吸收率高达十倍。与非生物群落相比，相对于硝酸盐和尿素而言，相对于硝酸盐和尿素而言，开花斑块内的微浮游生物更重要的氮源。虽然花朵和非花朵样品中维生素B_1的吸收率相似，但维生素B_（12）的吸收率却高五倍（＞ 100 pmol〜（-1）L _（-1）d〜（-1） ）在大花样品中，导致大花时数小时的周转时间。对维生素的高需求很可能导致在用花水进行的养分改良实验中观察到的多角衣藻的维生素B_（12）限制。总体而言，这项研究表明，多角衣藻的开花从根本上改变了微生物群落，并加速了碳，某些养分和维生素B_（12）的循环。

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