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Toxic strains of the Alexandrium ostenfeldii complex in southern South America (Beagle Channel, Argentina)

机译：南美洲南部（阿根廷比格尔海峡）亚历山大大骨综合体的毒性菌株

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摘要

During phytoplankton monitoring in the Beagle Channel (≈54°52′ S,67°32′ W) a previously undetected Alexandrium species was observed in coincidence with mouse bioassay toxicity. Detailed thecal plates analysis using epifluorescence and scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of the Alexandrium ostenfeldii species complex, showing a mixture of the diagnostic features usually used to discriminate between the morphospecies A. ostenfeldii and A. peruvianum. Cells of the A. ostenfeldii complex were commonly observed during spring after the main annual diatom bloom, when temperatures and salinities were respectively around 7.5-10 ℃ and 30-30.5 psu, and nutrients showed a seasonal decrease. Toxin analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed the production of 13-desmethyl spirolide C and 20-methyl spirolide G in cell cultures. The cellular contain of spirolides during exponential phase growth was 0.5906 ± 0.0032 and 0.1577 ± 0.0023 pg cell~(-1) for 13-desMe-C and 20-Me-G, respectively. A third unknown compound, with a structure resembling that of spirolides was also detected in culture. Moreover, an additional compound with a similar m/z (692) than that of 13-desMe-C but presenting a higher retention time (Rt = 40.5 min) was found in high proportions in mussel samples. PSP toxins were present at low concentration in mussels but were not detected in cultures. These results extend the world-wide distribution of toxic strains of the A. ostenfeldii complex to the Beagle Channel (southern South America), where toxic events have been traditionally linked to the presence of Alexandrium catenella. This is the first confirmed occurrence of spirolides in mussels and plankton from Argentina, which highlights the importance of monitoring these toxins and their producing organisms to protect public health and improve the management of shellfish resources.
机译：在比格尔海峡（≈54°52'S，67°32'W）的浮游植物监测过程中，观察到先前未发现的亚历山大藻物种，同时发现了小鼠的生物测定毒性。使用落射荧光和扫描电子显微镜进行的详细的标本板分析显示，存在亚历山大草ostenfeldii物种复合物，显示出通常用于区分形态物种A. ostenfeldii和秘鲁秘鲁曲霉的诊断特征的混合物。硅藻主要在一年生的主要硅藻开花后的春季观察到，其温度和盐度分别在7.5-10℃和30-30.5 psu附近，养分呈季节性下降。通过液相色谱-质谱法进行的毒素分析显示，细胞培养物中产生了13-去甲基螺螺内酯C和20-甲基螺螺内酯G。对于13-desMe-C和20-Me-G，指数期生长期间螺内酯的细胞含量分别为0.5906±0.0032和0.1577±0.0023 pg cell〜（-1）。在培养物中也检测到了第三种未知化合物，其结构类似于螺内酯。此外，在贻贝样品中发现了另一种化合物，其m / z（692）与13-desMe-C相似，但保留时间更长（Rt = 40.5 min）。 PSP毒素在贻贝中的浓度较低，但在培养物中未检出。这些结果将A. ostenfeldii复合物的毒株在世界范围内的分布扩展到了比格尔海峡（南美洲南部），该地区的毒害事件传统上与亚历山大海藻的存在有关。这是阿根廷的贻贝和浮游生物中首次确认存在螺旋藻，这凸显了监测这些毒素及其产生生物以保护公众健康和改善贝类资源管理的重要性。

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  • 来源
    《Harmful Algae》 |2014年第7期|100-109|共10页
  • 作者

    Gaston. O. Almandoz; Nora G. Montoya; Marcelo P. Hernando; Hugo R. Benavides; Mario O. Carignan; Martha E. Ferrario;

  • 作者单位

    Division Ficologia, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s (B1900FWA), La Plata, Argentina,CONICET, Av. Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAV), Buenos Aires, Argentina;

    Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP), Paseo Victoria Ocampo N° 1, Escollera Norte (7602HSA), Mar del Plata, Argentina;

    Comision National de Energia Atomica, Dpto. Radiobiologia, Avda. Gral. Paz 1499 (1650), San Martin, Argentina;

    Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP), Paseo Victoria Ocampo N° 1, Escollera Norte (7602HSA), Mar del Plata, Argentina;

    Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP), Paseo Victoria Ocampo N° 1, Escollera Norte (7602HSA), Mar del Plata, Argentina;

    Division Ficologia, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s (B1900FWA), La Plata, Argentina,CONICET, Av. Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAV), Buenos Aires, Argentina;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Ecology; Morphology; Mussels; PSP; Spirolides; Tierra del Fuego;

    机译：生态;形态学;青口贝;PSP;螺旋化物;火之国;

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