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Reponses of the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis to climate change: pCO_2 and sea surface temperatures

机译：鞭毛小鞭毛藻对气候变化的响应：pCO_2和海表温度

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摘要

Increasing atmospheric CO_2 is promoting ocean acidification and higher global temperatures and has been suggested as a possible factor for shifts in marine phytoplankton composition to more harmful species. Karenia brevis is the major harmful algal species in the Gulf of Mexico producing potent neurotoxins known as brevetoxins. We examined how changes in ocean inorganic carbon chemistry associated with pre-industrial (250 ppm), recent (350 ppm), and predicted at 2100 (1000 ppm) pCO_2 levels and increased temperature affect growth rates and brevetoxin production in K. brevis. At the predicted pCO_2 levels for 2100, growth rate of K. brevis Wilson clone increased substantially by 46% at 25 ℃ (0.43 ± 0.01 d~(-1)) compared to recent and pre-industrial levels (0.29 ± 0.01 d~(-1)). Growth rates also increased for a low brevetoxin-producing clone, SP1, from 0.24 ± 0.02 d~(-1) at lower pCO_2 levels to 0.33 ± 0.003 d~(-1) at a pCO_2 of 1000 ppm. When grown at a higher temperature (30 ℃), growth rates for the Wilson clone significantly decreased at all three pCO_2 by approximately 30%. However, even at the higher temperature, K. brevis growth rate significantly increased by 30% (0.30 ± 0.01 d~(-1)) at the 1000 ppm CO_2 level when compared to recent and pre-industrial CO_2 levels (0.21 ± 0.01 d~(-1)). Although K. brevis growth rate decreased at higher temperatures, the growth rate at pCO_2 level of 1000 and 30 ℃ was slightly higher than at current conditions (pCO_2 level of 350 and 25 ℃). Modification of pCO_2 levels and temperatures did not have an effect on total brevetoxin production or brevetoxin profiles in either clone examined. Due to the increased growth rate, total brevetoxin production was significantly higher at the pCO_2 level of 1000. Finally, from these results we conclude there is no connection between growth rate and brevetoxin per cell. Although neither pCO_2 nor temperature influenced brevetoxin production per cell, we suggest that under predicted future climate conditions K. brevis blooms have the potential to produce higher cell concentrations and increased brevetoxin concentrations, which will pose an increased risk for ecosystem and human health.
机译：大气中CO_2的增加正在促进海洋酸化和全球气温升高，并被认为是海洋浮游植物组成向更有害物种转变的可能因素。短小卡伦氏菌是墨西哥湾的主要有害藻类，产生强效的神经毒素，称为短毒素。我们研究了与工业化前（250 ppm），近期（350 ppm）有关的海洋无机碳化学变化，并预测在2100（1000 ppm）pCO_2水平和升高的温度下如何影响短毛K.的生长速率和短毒素产量。在2100的预测pCO_2水平下，与最近和工业化前水平（0.29±0.01 d〜（）相比，在25℃（0.43±0.01 d〜（-1））时，K。brevis Wilson克隆的生长速率显着增加46％。 -1））。对于低产brevetoxin的克隆SP1，其生长速率也从较低的pCO_2水平下的0.24±0.02 d〜（-1）增加到1000 ppm pCO_2下的0.33±0.003 d〜（-1）。当在较高温度（30℃）下生长时，Wilson克隆的生长速率在所有三个pCO_2处均显着降低了约30％。但是，即使在较高的温度下，与最近和工业化之前的CO_2水平（0.21±0.01 d）相比，在1000 ppm CO_2水平下，K。brevis的生长速度也显着提高了30％（0.30±0.01 d〜（-1））。 〜（-1））。尽管在较高的温度下，短毛K.增长率下降，但在1000和30℃的pCO_2水平下的生长速率略高于当前条件（350和25℃的pCO_2水平）。 pCO_2水平和温度的改变对所检查的任一克隆中的总短毒素产量或短毒素谱均没有影响。由于生长速率的提高，在1000的pCO_2水平下，总的短毒素产量显着更高。最后，根据这些结果，我们得出结论，每细胞的短毒素与生长速率之间没有联系。尽管pCO_2和温度都不会影响每个细胞的短毒素产量，但我们建议在预测的未来气候条件下，短短K. brevis绽放可能产生更高的细胞浓度和短毒素浓度，这将增加生态系统和人类健康的风险。

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  • 来源
    《Harmful Algae》 |2014年第7期|110-116|共7页
  • 作者

    R.M. Errera; S. Yvon-Lewis; J.D. Kessler; L. Campbell;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Oceanography, 3146 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;

    Department of Oceanography, 3146 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;

    Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA;

    Department of Oceanography, 3146 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA,Department of Biology, 3258 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA, 3146 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Brevetoxin; Brevenal; Climate change;

    机译：短毒素;Brevenal;气候变化;

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