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Contribution of diazotrophy to nitrogen inputs supporting Karenia brevis blooms in the Gulf of Mexico

机译:重氮元素对氮输入的贡献支持了墨西哥湾的卡雷尼亚短小花

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摘要

Blooms of Karenia brevis plague the West Florida Shelf (WFS) region in the Gulf of Mexico (COM) where they exert harmful effects on aquatic biota and humans. Because productivity on the WFS is N limited, new N inputs into the region are thought to trigger blooms of K. brevis. Here we examine the potential for new N inputs via N_2 fixation by Trichodesmium and other diazotrophic plankton to contribute to the N demand of K. brevis. Because of possible methodological biases, we also compared N_2 fixation rates by cultured Trichodesmium using the ~(15_N_2 bubble addition method and the ~(15)N_2 saturated seawater. Both methods yielded identical results in 12 and 24 h incubations; however, there was more variability in rate estimates made using the bubble addition method. Pelagic N_2 fixation rates by other planktonic diazotrophs ranged from 0 to 13.6 nmol N L~(-1) d~(-1) comparable to or higher than rates observed in oligotrophic gyres. These rates should be considered conservative estimates because they were made using the bubble addition method. Integrating over our study area, we estimate that new inputs of N to the WFS via N_2 fixation are on the order of 0.011 Tmol N annually. Further, we measured directly the trophic transfer of recently fixed N_2 to co-occurring plankton that included K. brevis and found that up to 47% of N_2 fixed was transferred to non-diazotrophic plankton even in short (<6 h) incubations where N_2 fixation was likely underestimated.
机译:短小卡伦花的花朵困扰着墨西哥湾(COM)的西佛罗里达大陆架(WFS)地区,在那里它们对水生生物和人类产生有害影响。由于WFS的生产力受到N的限制,因此该区域的新N输入被认为会引发短枝K. bloom。在这里,我们研究了通过Trichodesmium和其他重氮营养性浮游生物通过N_2固定产生新的N输入的潜力,以促进短毛K.的N需求。由于可能的方法学偏见,我们还比较了使用〜(15_N_2气泡添加法和〜(15)N_2饱和海水)培养的毛线虫的N_2固定率,这两种方法在12和24 h的孵育中产生相同的结果;但是,还有更多气泡添加法估算速率的变化性,其他浮游重氮生物的上层N_2固着率范围为0至13.6 nmol NL〜(-1)d〜(-1),与贫营养型回旋中的速率相当或更高。应该将其视为保守估计,因为它们是使用气泡添加法得出的;结合我们的研究区域,我们估计通过N_2固定作用向WFS注入的N每年的新输入量约为0.011 TmolN。将最近固定的N_2转移到包括短短K.的共生浮游生物上,并发现即使在短时(<6 h)孵育中,高达47%的固定N_2被转移到非营养化浮游生物上N_2注视可能被低估了。

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  • 来源
    《Harmful Algae》 |2014年第9期|20-29|共10页
  • 作者单位

    Department of Ocean, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, Old Dominion University, 4600 Elkhorn Avenue, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA;

    Department of Ocean, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, Old Dominion University, 4600 Elkhorn Avenue, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA;

    Department of Ocean, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, Old Dominion University, 4600 Elkhorn Avenue, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA;

    Department of Ocean, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, Old Dominion University, 4600 Elkhorn Avenue, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA;

    Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, St. Petersburg, FL, USA;

    Horn Point Laboratory, University of Maryland, Cambridge, MD 21613, USA;

    Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, St. Petersburg, FL, USA,Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay Harbor, ME 04544, USA;

    Department of Physical Sciences, The College of William & Mary, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA;

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