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首页> 外文期刊>Harmful Algae >Pigment compositions and toxic effects of three harmful Karenia species, Karenia concordia, Karenia brevisulcata and Karenia mikimotoi (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae), on rotifers and brine shrimps
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Pigment compositions and toxic effects of three harmful Karenia species, Karenia concordia, Karenia brevisulcata and Karenia mikimotoi (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae), on rotifers and brine shrimps

机译：轮叶螨和卤虾对三种有害的克雷尼亚菜（克雷克菜（Karenia concordia），克雷耶氏菌（Karenia brevisulcata）和米氏克雷耶菌（Karenia mikimotoi））的色素成分和毒性作用

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Karenia concordia, Karenia brevisulcata and Karenia mikimotoi are anomalously-pigmented gymnodinoids characterised by having fucoxanthin and two acyl-oxyfucoxanthin derivatives, instead of having peridinin as in the majority of photosynthetic dinoflagellates. HPLC pigment analyses of all three species, cultured in identical conditions, revealed two different patterns of pigmentation: (1) 19'-hexanoyl-oxyfucoxanthin-rich with very little fucoxanthin, as represented by K. concordia and K. brevisulcata, and (2) fucoxanthin-rich with much less acyl-oxyfucoxanthins, as represented by K. mikimotoi. Moreover, zeaxanthin was detected in both K. concordia and K. brevisulcata, but only trace amount in K. mikimotoi (generally not detected in this species). Both K. concordia and K. brevisulcata lacked carotene-β,ε and carotene-ε,ε. These differed from K. mikimotoi which generally produced all three carotenes (β,β; β,ε and ε,ε). At exponential growth phase, chlorophyll a content on a per cell basis of K. mikimotoi was more than double that of K. concordia and six times greater than that of K. brevisulcata. Toxicological tests conducted on rotifers elicited distinct responses - single-strength lipophilic cell extracts of both K. concordia and K. brevisulcata killed rotifers in tens of minutes (fast-acting), while that of double-strength K. mikimotoi, in tens of hours (slow-acting). Additionally, mature and nauplii forms of brine shrimps exposed to lipophilic cell extract of K. concordia appeared to be temporarily 'anaesthetised', but recovered in c. 45 min and 3 h respectively. No such 'anaesthetic' effect was observed on both forms of brine shrimps exposed to lipophilic extracts of either K. brevisulcata or K mikimotoi. The former, however, killed both forms of brine shrimps in a matter of tens of hours, while those of the latter, did not cause any harm to either form tested.
机译：毛叶卡伦球菌，短叶卡伦球菌和mikimotoi卡伦球菌是异常色素的裸子植物类，其特征是具有岩藻黄质和两种酰基-氧褐藻黄质衍生物，而不是像大多数光合作用的鞭毛虫一样具有peridinin。在相同条件下培养的所有三个物种的HPLC色素分析显示出两种不同的色素沉着模式：（1）富含19'-己酰-氧褐藻黄质，而岩藻黄质含量极低，以康多.K。和短柏K.为代表，和（2 ）富含岩藻黄质，而三酰基K. mikimotoi代表的酰基-氧岩藻黄质含量低得多。此外，玉米黄质在康乃狄克氏菌和短小K.brevisulcata中均被检出，而在三本K. kimi中则仅检出微量（通常在该物种中未检出）。 Concordia和K. brevisulcata都缺乏胡萝卜素-β，ε和胡萝卜素-ε，ε。它们不同于通常产生所有三种胡萝卜素（β，β；β，ε和ε，ε）的mikimotoi。在指数生长期，每单位K. mikimotoi叶绿素a含量是Con。concordia的两倍以上，是K. brevisulcata的六倍。在轮虫上进行的毒理学测试引起了不同的反应-康乃狄克氏菌和短杆菌K. breconulcata的单强度亲脂性细胞提取物在数十分钟内（速效）杀死了轮虫，而双强度K. mikimotoi在数十小时内杀死了轮虫。 （慢镜头）。此外，成熟的和无节幼体形式的盐水虾暴露于Concordia的亲脂性细胞提取物中，似乎暂时被“麻醉”了，但是在c。中恢复了。分别为45分钟和3小时。在暴露于短杆菌K或mikimotoi的亲脂性提取物中的两种形式的盐水虾中均未观察到这种“麻醉”作用。然而，前者在数十小时内杀死了这两种形式的盐水虾，而后者则对所测试的两种形式均未造成任何伤害。

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