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Growth and competition of several harmful dinoflagellates under different nutrient and light conditions

机译：在不同营养和光照条件下几种有害鞭毛藻的生长和竞争

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摘要

Three near-shore type harmful dinoflagellates, Prorocentrum minimum, Prorocentrum donghaiense and Kariodinium veneficum, and one off-shore dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis, were grown in laboratory monocultures and mixed batch cultures. The dinoflagellate cultures were grown on treatments of two ambient nitrogen (N):phosphorus (P) ratios; two N substrates (nitrate and urea) and two light intensities. The microalgae Rhodomonas and Synechococcus were also added in separate treatments to the mixed culture treatments as potential food sources. All tested species grew well on both N substrates. In mixed culture, P. minimum outgrew K. veneficum, and P. donghaiense outgrew K. brevis in most treatments reaching higher growth rates and higher biomass. However, when a third algae, Rhodomonas, was added, the growth of P. minimum was inhibited relative to that of K. veneficum. In contrast, when grown with K. brevis, the growth rate of P. donghaiense was not significantly affected by the addition of potential prey. K. brevis had a longer growth phase, and kept growing after P. donghaiense reached stationary phase, suggesting better adaptation of K. brevis to low inorganic nutrient conditions. The growth of K. brevis was also significantly limited in the low light treatment. K. veneficum overgrew P. minimum in the presence of Rhodomonas, a potential nutrient source. The growth rates of both K. brevis and P. donghaiense were reduced with the presence of Synechococcus. In addition to nutrient competition, mixotrophy and allelopathy were likely mechanisms in determining the dominant species.
机译：在实验室单培养和混合分批培养中，生长了三种近岸型有害鞭毛藻，最低原螯虾，Prorocentrum donghaiense和Kariodinium v​​eneficum，和一种近海有害鞭毛藻，Karenia brevis。鞭毛藻培养物在两种环境氮（N）：磷（P）比的处理下生长;两个N底物（硝酸盐和尿素）和两个光强度。微藻的红藻和球菌也作为单独的处理添加到混合培养处理中，作为潜在的食物来源。所有测试的物种在两种N基质上均生长良好。在混合培养中，在大多数处理中，P。Minimum的生长率超过了K. veneficum，D。haihaiense的生长率超过了K. brevis，从而达到了更高的生长速率和更高的生物量。但是，当添加第三种藻类红景天时，相对于文氏假单胞菌，最小体育杆菌的生长受到抑制。相比之下，当与K. brevis一起生长时，P。donghaiense的生长速度不受潜在猎物的添加的显着影响。短K. brevis的生育期较长，并且在东海假单胞菌达到静止期后继续生长，这表明K. brevis对低无机养分条件的适应性更好。在弱光条件下，短杆菌K.的生长也受到明显限制。在潜在的营养来源红景天的存在下，K。veneficum会使P.的最低增长。短突触球菌的存在会降低K. brevis和P. donghaiense的生长速度。除了营养竞争之外，混合营养和化感作用可能是确定优势种的机制。

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