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首页> 外文期刊>Harmful Algae >Trophic transfer of brevetoxins to the benthic macrofaunai community during a bloom of the harmful dinoflagellate Karenia brevis in Sarasota Bay, Florida
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Trophic transfer of brevetoxins to the benthic macrofaunai community during a bloom of the harmful dinoflagellate Karenia brevis in Sarasota Bay, Florida

机译：在佛罗里达州萨拉索塔湾的有害鞭毛藻小花雷公藤开花期间，短促毒素向营养底栖动物群落的营养转移。

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摘要

Harmful algal blooms can cause mass mortalities of top predators such as fish, marine mammals and seabirds but the food web transfer from toxic phytoplankton to these organisms has not been fully elucidated. Macrobenthic invertebrates in coastal waters, including bivalve suspension- and deposit-feeders, carnivorous gastropods, deposit-feeding amphipods and polychaetes, are a major food source for a wide variety of predators and can thus piay a criticai role in the trophic transfer of alga/ toxins to higher trophic levels. The objective of this study was to investigate toxin accumulation in transplanted juvenile hard clams, Mercenaria mercenaria, a species naturally occurring in the region, and in various macrobenthic functional groups from Florida coastal waters during a natural bloom of the dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis, a producer of brevetoxins. Bloom concentrations in the water column ranged from 100 to 1200 cells ml~(-1) over the course of the experiment. This study revealed that these iipophilic toxins can be rapidly accumulated by both suspension- and deposit-feeding benthos, especially bivalve molluscs [1.9-2.8 μ,g PbTx-3 eq (g wet weight)~(-1)]. Transplanted M. mercenaria rapidly accumulated toxins from the water column attaining ~0.5 μ,g PbTx-3 eq (g wet tissue)~(-1) after only 4 h-exposure to the K. brevis bloom and a maximum value of 1.5 ± 0.2 μg PbTx-3 eq (g wet tissue)~(-1) after 72 h. Relatively high brevetoxin concentrations were also measured in co-occurring benthic carnivorous gastropods [1-2.6 μg PbTx-3 eq (g wet weight, WW)~(-1)]. Mean toxin concentrations in polychaetes and crustaceans varied in the range ~0.04-0.2 μg PbTx-3 eq (g WW)~(-1) over the study period, and thus were typically lower than in molluscs. This study demonstrated in situ toxin accumulation by benthic primary and secondary consumers during a natural Florida red tide. Accumulation by primary consumers may be highly variable in space and time fas shown in bivalves from the natural benthic community) and among taxonomic groups. Toxin transfer further up the food web will thus depend on the toxin level accumulated in prey, the number of pathways from which the predator may accumulate toxins and on possible biological magnification of Iipophilic toxins. Overall, this study revealed qualitatively and quantitatively that benthic consumers of a number of taxa can serve as vectors for transporting brevetoxins within the food web.
机译：有害的藻华会导致鱼类，海洋哺乳动物和海鸟等顶级捕食者大量死亡，但尚未完全阐明从有毒浮游植物到这些生物的食物网转移。沿海水域的大型底栖无脊椎动物，包括双壳类悬浮饲料和沉积物饲养者，肉食腹足纲动物，沉积物喂养的两栖动物和多毛纲动物，是各种捕食者的主要食物来源，因此可以在藻类/营养转化中发挥批评作用毒素达到更高的营养水平。这项研究的目的是调查在鞭毛藻的自然繁殖过程中，在该地区天然存在的未成年硬蛤蛤，Mercenaria mercenaria和该州天然存在的物种以及佛罗里达沿海水域各种大型底栖动物功能群中的毒素蓄积情况。短毒素。在整个实验过程中，水柱中的水华浓度在100至1200细胞ml〜（-1）之间。这项研究表明，这些亲脂性毒素可以通过悬浮饲料和沉积饲料底栖动物，特别是双壳软体动物[1.9-2.8μgg PbTx-3 eq（g湿重）〜（-1）]迅速积累。短毛K. blovis暴露仅4 h后，移植的M. mercenaria迅速从水柱中积累毒素，达到〜0.5μ，g PbTx-3当量（g湿组织）〜（-1），最大值为1.5± 72小时后0.2μgPbTx-3当量（g湿组织）〜（-1）。在共生的底栖食肉腹足动物中也测出了相对较高的短毒素浓度[1-2.6μgPbTx-3当量（g湿重，WW）〜（-1）]。在研究期间，多壳类和甲壳类动物的平均毒素浓度在〜0.04-0.2μgPbTx-3当量（g WW）〜（-1）范围内变化，因此通常低于软体动物。这项研究表明底栖的初级和次级消费者在自然佛罗里达赤潮期间原位毒素蓄积。在自然底栖动物的双壳类动物中，主要消费者的积累空间和时间可能存在很大差异。毒素向食物网的进一步转移将取决于猎物中积累的毒素水平，掠食者可能积累毒素的途径数量以及亲脂性毒素的可能生物学放大率。总的来说，这项研究从质和量上揭示了许多分类单元的底栖消费者可以作为在食物网中运输短毒素的载体。

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  • 来源
    《Harmful Algae》 |2012年第4期|p.27-34|共8页
  • 作者

    V.M. Bricelj; A.-G. Haubois; MR Sengco; R.H. Pierce; J.K. Culter; D.M. Anderson;

  • 作者单位

    Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, 71 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;

    National Research Council of Canada, Institute for Marine Biosdences, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3Z1, Canada;

    Smithsonian Environmental Research Centre, P.O. Box 28, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA;

    Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA;

    Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA;

    Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hale, MA 02543, USA;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    karenia brevis; brevetoxins; benthic trophic transfer;

    机译：卡伦尼亚（Karenia）短;短毒素底栖营养转移;

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