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首页> 外文期刊>Harmful Algae >Reproductive plasticity and local adaptation in the host-parasite system formed by the toxic Alexandrium minutum and the dinoflagellate parasite Parvilucifera sinerae
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Reproductive plasticity and local adaptation in the host-parasite system formed by the toxic Alexandrium minutum and the dinoflagellate parasite Parvilucifera sinerae

机译：由有毒亚历山大藻和鞭毛鞭毛寄生虫组成的寄主-寄生虫系统的生殖可塑性和局部适应性

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摘要

A parasite threat stimulates adaptive shifts in the life-history strategy (sexual recombination rate) of the toxic bloom-forming dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum Halim. This microalgae divides asexually when clonal but can also form mobile zygotes (planozygotes) when compatible clones are crossed. Planozygotes usually form resistant dormant stages (resting cysts) although they can also divide. In this study, asexual and sexual cultures were infected with the parasite Parvilucifera sinerae (Perkinsozoa) and the resulting clones classified as susceptible (S), low susceptible (LS), or resistant (R) to the infection. R and LS clones were never of Mediterranean origin, pointing to local adaptation of the parasite. (S × S) crosses were infected faster than either of the parental clones growing asexually. By contrast, (S × R) crosses were resistant to the parasite and produced no resting cysts, even when planozygotes were formed. Therefore, in infected cultures, the planozygotes mainly divided instead of encysting, thus increasing the rate at which recombinant progeny formed. This strategy against infection seems to combine the benefits of quickly producing asexual offspring and increasing recombination. As the susceptibility of the crosses was dependent on parental sexual compatibility, and cultures established by the division of (R × S) planozygotes (F1 offspring) also formed R or LS cultures, resistance may be regulated by several genes or through maternal effects.
机译：寄生虫威胁刺激了有毒水华形成的鞭毛甲藻亚历山大草哈利姆的生活史策略（性重组率）的适应性转变。这种微藻在克隆时无性地分裂，但在杂交兼容的克隆时也可以形成活动合子（planozygotes）。尽管扁桃体也可以分裂，但它们通常会形成抗性的休眠阶段（静止的囊肿）。在这项研究中，无性和有性文化被寄生虫Parvilucifera sinerae（Perkinsozoa）感染，所得克隆被分为对感染的易感性（S），低易感性（LS）或抗性（R）。 R和LS克隆从来都不是地中海起源的，这表明该寄生虫具有局部适应性。 （S×S）杂交的感染速度比任何一个无性繁殖的亲本克隆都快。相反，（S×R）杂交对寄生虫有抵抗力，即使形成了平合子，也不产生静止的囊肿。因此，在受感染的培养物中，平合子主要分裂而不是包囊，从而增加了重组后代的形成速度。这种抗感染的策略似乎结合了快速产生无性后代和增加重组的好处。由于杂交的敏感性取决于父母的性相容性，并且由（R×S）平面合子（F1后代）分裂建立的培养物也形成了R或LS培养物，因此抗性可能受几个基因或通过母体作用调节。

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