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Stability Of Toxigenic Microcystis Blooms

机译：产毒微囊藻开花的稳定性

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This is the first detailed study on the occurrence of cyanobacterial toxins in India, where we studied five eutrophic, temple ponds in the vicinity of Varanasi city, Uttar Pradesh, which continuously supported blooms of Microcystis sp. for several years. Bloom material from all five ponds was sampled bi-monthly from September 2003 to August 2004. Analysis of extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) indicated that microcystin-RR (MC-RR) was present all year round at high concentrations (311-1540 μg/g, dry weight), posing a significant health hazard especially since all five ponds are widely used for bathing, washing, cattle drinking supply, irrigation and recreation. In addition, there was unusually low temporal variation in concentration of MC-RR in each pond, <20% variation in four out of five ponds throughout the year.rnCharacterization of microcystin composition of several bloom samples from this study by HPLC-PDA/ MS confirmed that additional microcystins were present in many of the samples. The rarely reported, MC-AR was frequently detected in bloom samples from three of the ponds (Adityanagar, Durgakund and Sankuldhara), where it typically represented 20% of the microcystin pool. MC-WR was frequently found in samples from Adityanagar and Sankuldhara, representing 5-10% of the microcystin pool. MC-LR, along with the previously unreported MC-AHar, each represented approximately 5% of the microcystin pool when present. Bloom samples from each pond had a characteristic microcystin profile, when sampled from 2003 to 2006, suggesting persistent species/strain domination.rnThe perennial and consistent nature of the toxic Microcystis blooms in these ponds is highly unusual, in contrast to the commonly encountered temporal and spatial variation of toxigenic and non-toxigenic species. Laboratory isolates from several ponds were shown to produce microcystins, showing similar microcystin composition to the original bloom material.
机译：这是关于印度发生蓝细菌毒素的第一个详细研究，我们在北方邦瓦拉纳西市附近研究了五个富营养的寺庙池塘，这些池塘持续支持微囊藻的开花。几年来。从2003年9月至2004年8月每两个月对来自所有五个池塘的大花白兰地进行采样。通过高效液相色谱（HPLC）对提取物的分析表明，微囊藻毒素-RR（MC-RR）全年都以高浓度存在（311）。 -1540μg/ g，干重），对健康构成重大危害，尤其是因为所有五个池塘都广泛用于沐浴，洗涤，牲畜饮用，灌溉和娱乐。此外，每个池塘中MC-RR的浓度随时间变化的异常低，一年中五个池塘中有四个池塘的MC-RR的变化<20％。rn通过HPLC-PDA / MS对该研究中的多个开花样品的微囊藻毒素成分进行表征证实许多样品中还存在其他微囊藻毒素。很少报道的MC-AR在三个池塘（Adityanagar，Durgakund和Sankuldhara）的花朵样本中经常被检测到，通常占微囊藻毒素池的20％。在Adityanagar和Sankuldhara的样品中经常发现MC-WR，占微囊藻蛋白池的5-10％。当存在MC-LR以及以前未报道的MC-AHar时，它们各自约占微囊藻毒素库的5％。当从2003年到2006年采样时，每个池塘的大花样本具有特征性的微囊藻毒素特征，表明存在持久的物种/菌株统治.rn与通常遇到的时间和环境相反，这些池塘中有毒微囊藻的常年性和持续性非常不寻常。有毒和无毒物种的空间变化。显示来自几个池塘的实验室分离株产生微囊藻毒素，其微囊藻毒素的组成与原始水华材料相似。

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