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首页> 外文期刊>Harmful Algae >Yessotoxin detected in mussel (Mytilus californicus) and phytoplankton samples from the U.S. west coast
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Yessotoxin detected in mussel (Mytilus californicus) and phytoplankton samples from the U.S. west coast

机译：在美国西海岸的贻贝（Mytilus californicus）和浮游植物样品中检测到Yessotoxin

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Yessotoxin (YTX) was detected in an algal sample and two mussel samples (0.07-0.10 μg g~(-1)) collected from Scripps Pier in La Jolla, California during a bloom of Lingulodinium polyedrum. Mussel samples collected from Monterey Bay, California also contained measurable YTX (levels up to 0.06 μg g~(-1)) in samples obtained during a 6-month (weekly) sampling period. Gonyaulax spinifera and L. polyedrum were identified in background concentrations in Monterey Bay during the time of contamination. An algal sample from Washington coastal waters collected during non-bloom conditions also contained YTX, possibly originating from Protoceratium reticulatum. Three strains of L. polyedrum (CCMP1931, CCMP1936, 104A) isolated from southern California coastal waters and one strain of G. spinifera (CCMP409) isolated from Maine were tested for YTX production using two methods, competitive ELISA and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The ELISA method detected YTX in the paniculate phase in two of three L. polyedrum strains. The LC-MS method did not detect YTX in the particulate or dissolved phase of any of the strains. To our knowledge, this is the first study to test and confirm YTX in environmental samples from California and Washington coastal waters. It is highly likely that L. polyedrum was responsible for the YTX contamination in the southern California samples. Future research needs to conclusively determine the biological origin(s) of YTX contamination in central California and Washington coastal waters.
机译：在凌乱的多发性花粉症发作期间，从加利福尼亚州拉霍亚的斯克里普斯码头收集到的藻类样品和两个贻贝样品（0.07-0.10μgg〜（-1））中检测到了毒素毒素（YTX）。在六个月（每周）的采样期内，从加利福尼亚州蒙特雷湾采集的贻贝样品中还含有可测量的YTX（含量高达0.06μgg〜（-1））。在污染期间，在蒙特里湾的本底浓度中发现了刺柏和多角菌。在非开花条件下从华盛顿沿海水域收集的藻类样品也含有YTX，可能源自网状原生藻。使用竞争性ELISA和液相色谱-质谱法两种方法测试了从加利福尼亚南部沿海水域分离出的三株多毛乳杆菌（CCMP1931，CCMP1936、104A）和从缅因州分离出的一株棘枝茶（CCMP409）的YTX产量。 LC-MS）。 ELISA方法在三株多齿乳杆菌中的两株中，在穗期检测到了YTX。 LC-MS方法未在任何菌株的颗粒相或溶解相中检测到YTX。据我们所知，这是第一个测试和确认来自加利福尼亚和华盛顿沿海水域的环境样品中YTX的研究。多角乳杆菌很可能是加利福尼亚南部样本中YTX污染的原因。未来的研究需要最终确定加利福尼亚中部和华盛顿沿海水域的YTX污染的生物学来源。

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