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首页> 外文期刊>Harmful Algae >How Does Eutrophication Affect The Role Of Grazers In Harmful Algal Bloom Dynamics?
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How Does Eutrophication Affect The Role Of Grazers In Harmful Algal Bloom Dynamics?

机译：富营养化如何影响Grazers在有害藻华动态中的作用？

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Population dynamics of harmful algal bloom species are regulated both from the "bottom-up" by factors that affect their growth rate and from the "top-down" by factors that affect their loss rates. While it might seem apparent that eutrophication would have the greatest impact on factors affecting growth rates of phytoplankton (nutrient supply, light availability) the roles of top-down controls, including grazers and pathogens, cannot be ignored in studies of harmful bloom dynamics. Lags between the growth of phytoplankton and zooplankton populations, or disruption of zooplankton populations by adverse environmental conditions may be important factors in the initiation of plankton blooms under eutrophic conditions. Grazers that avoid feeding on harmful species and actively graze on competing species may also play important roles in bloom initiation. Grazers that are not affected by phytoplankton toxins and have growth rates comparable to phytoplankton (e.g. protozoan grazers) may have the potential to control the initiation of blooms. If the inhibition of grazers varies with cell density for blooms of toxic phytoplankton, eutrophication may increase the chances of blooms reaching threshold densities for grazer inhibition. In addition, secondary effects of eutrophication, including hypoxia and change in pH may adversely affect grazer populations, and further release HAB species from top-down control. The Texas brown tide (Aureoumbra lagunensis) blooms provide evidence for the role of grazer disruption in bloom initiation and the importance of high densities of brown tide cells in continued suppression of grazers.
机译：有害藻华物种的种群动态既受“自下而上”的影响其生长速率的因素的调节，又受“自上而下”的影响其损失速率的因素的调节。似乎富营养化对影响浮游植物生长速率的因素（营养供应，光的利用率）影响最大，但自上而下的控制措施（包括放牧者和病原体）的作用在有害水华动态研究中不可忽视。浮游植物种群和浮游动物种群之间的滞后或不利的环境条件对浮游动物种群的破坏可能是富营养条件下浮游生物开花开始的重要因素。避免以有害物种为食并积极放牧竞争物种的放牧者也可能在开花初期起重要作用。不受浮游植物毒素影响且生长速度可与浮游植物媲美的放牧者（例如原生动物放牧者）可能具有控制水华爆发的潜力。如果放牧者对有毒浮游植物开花的抑制作用随细胞密度而变化，则富营养化可能会增加开花植物达到抑制放牧者阈值密度的机会。此外，富营养化的次生影响（包括缺氧和pH值变化）可能会对放牧者种群产生不利影响，并进一步导致自上而下的控制HAB物种释放。得克萨斯州的褐潮（Aureoumbra lagunensis）绽放提供了放牧破坏在绽放引发中的作用证据，以及高密度的褐潮细胞在持续抑制放牧者中的重要性。

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