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首页> 外文期刊>Harmful Algae >Bottom-up controls on a mixed-species HAB assemblage: A comparison of sympatric Chattonella subsalsa and Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae) isolates from the Delaware Inland Bays, USA
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Bottom-up controls on a mixed-species HAB assemblage: A comparison of sympatric Chattonella subsalsa and Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae) isolates from the Delaware Inland Bays, USA

机译：自下而上地控制混合物种HAB组合：来自美国特拉华内陆湾的同胞沙门氏菌和杂多菌科（Raphidophyceae）分离株的比较

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摘要

Recent novel mixed blooms of several species of toxic raphidophytes have caused fish kills and raised health concerns in the highly eutrophic Inland Bays of Delaware, USA. The factors that control their growth and dominance are not clear, including how these multi-species HAB events can persist without competitive exclusion occurring. We compared and contrasted the relative environmental niches of sympatric Chattonella subsalsa and Heterosigma akashiwo isolates from the bays using classic Monod-type experiments. C. subsalsa grew over a temperature range from 10 to 30℃ and a salinity range of 5-30 psu, with optimal growth occurring from 20 to 30℃ and 15 to 25 psu. H. akashiwo had similar upper temperature and salinity tolerances but also lower limits, with growth occurring from 4 to 30℃ and 5 to 30 psu and optimal growth between 16 and 30℃ and 10 and 30 psu. These culture results were confirmed by field observations of bloom occurrences in the Inland Bays. Maximum nutrient-saturated growth rates (μ_(max)) for C. subsalsa were ～0.6 d~(-1) and half-saturation concentrations for growth (K_S) were 9 μM for nitrate, 1.5 μM for ammonium, and 0.8 μM for phosphate. μ_(max) of H. akashiwo (～0.7 d~(-1)) was slightly higher than C. subsalsa, but K_S values were nearly an order of magnitude lower at 0.3 μM for nitrate, 0.3 μM for ammonium, and 0.2 μM for phosphate. H. akashiwo is able to grow on urea but C. subsalsa cannot, while both can use glutamic acid. Cell yield experiments at environmentally relevant levels suggested an apparent preference by C. subsalsa for ammonium as a nitrogen source, while H. akashiwo produced more biomass on nitrate. Light intensity affected both species similarly, with the same growth responses for each over a range from 100 to 600 μmol photons m~(-2) s~(-1). Factors not examined here may allow C. subsalsa to persist during multi-species blooms in the bays, despite being competitively inferior to H. akashiwo under most conditions of nutrient availability, temperature, and salinity.
机译：最近在美国特拉华州高度富营养化的内陆湾，几种有毒的蝴蝶藻类植物的新混合花开引起鱼类死亡，并引起了人们对健康的关注。控制其生长和优势的因素尚不清楚，包括这些多物种HAB事件如何在不发生竞争性排斥的情况下得以持续。我们使用经典的Monod型实验方法，比较并对比了海湾中同胞沙门氏菌和黑海杂种分离株的相对环境生态位。拟南芥的生长温度为10至30℃，盐度为5至30 psu，最佳生长温度为20至30℃和15至25 psu。阿卡西沃氏菌的温度和盐度耐受性相似，但下限相似，生长在4至30℃和5至30 psu之间，最佳生长在16至30℃和10至30 psu之间。这些培养结果已通过对内陆湾开花的现场观察得到了证实。盐生梭菌的最大养分饱和生长速率（μ_（max））约为0.6 d〜（-1），硝酸盐的半饱和生长浓度（K_S）为9μM，铵为1.5μM和0.8μM。磷酸盐。赤子芥（〜0.7 d〜（-1））的μ_（max）略高于拟南芥（C. subsalsa），但K_S值降低了一个数量级，硝酸盐为0.3μM，铵为0.3μM，0.2μM用于磷酸盐。 H. akashiwo能够依靠尿素生长，而C. subsalsa不能，尽管两者都可以使用谷氨酸。在与环境相关的水平上进行细胞产量实验表明，亚沙地衣藻明显偏爱铵盐作为氮源，而赤子芥则在硝酸盐上产生更多的生物量。光强度对两个物种的影响相似，在100至600μmol光子m〜（-2）s〜（-1）范围内，每个物种的生长响应均相同。尽管在大多数养分供应，温度和盐度条件下，其竞争能力均不如明石麻杆菌，但此处未检查的因素可能会使盐分梭菌在海湾的多物种开花期间持续存在。

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