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首页> 外文期刊>Harmful Algae >Distribution of Karlodinium veneficum in the coastal region of Xiangshan Bay in the East China Sea, as detected by a real-time quantitative PCR assay of ribosomal ITS sequence
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Distribution of Karlodinium veneficum in the coastal region of Xiangshan Bay in the East China Sea, as detected by a real-time quantitative PCR assay of ribosomal ITS sequence

机译：实时定量PCR检测核糖体ITS序列检测东海象山湾沿海地区的香叶状花香分布

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摘要

Athecate dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum is a universal toxic species possessing karlotoxins recognized especially as ichthyotoxic as well as cytotoxic and hemolytic. Blooms of K. veneficum, both single-species or accompanied with other species, occurred more frequently worldwide in recent years, including the coastal region of China. Normally, K. veneficum present in relatively low abundance in phytoplankton communities in estuary regions. Being small and difficult to identify with light microscopy, it has been ignored for a long time till its blooming and toxins being confirmed. How it presents in background level and what is its relationship with critical geological and hydrological environment factors are basically not clear. In this study, the paper reports the application of a real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) method to investigate the abundance and distribution of K. veneficum in the coastal waters of Xiangshan Bay in the East China Sea (ECS), a typical bay area of harmful algae blooms and heavily affected by anthropogenic activities. The real-time qPCR assay came out being an efficient method at detecting even low cell densities of K. veneficum of different genotypes. A total of 38 field samples of surface (0.5 m) and bottom water (9-100 m in depth) were analyzed and 12 samples were found positive for K. veneficum. At least 3 genotypes of K. veneficum present in this region. Temperatures in sites of K. veneficum positive ranged from 21.7 to 23.4 degrees C, and salinity levels were between 21.1 and 26.3. The K. veneficum distributed quite extensively in the waters of Xiangshan Bay, cell abundance varied from a low of 4 cells/L to a maximum of 170 cells/L. Most of the samples containing K. veneficum were collected from bottom water in different sites. At three of the 19 sampling sites, K. veneficum was detected in both surface and bottom water samples. Especially at sampling site near Beilun port, where the water is typically muddy with low transparency, relative high cell numbers of K. veneficum were found in both surface and bottom waters. Mixotrophy and vertical migration of K. veneficum could be important eco-physiological factors to consider in terms of understanding these distribution characteristics. The ideal conditions for K. veneficum growth and aggregation in this area still needs further study.
机译：茶色的鞭毛藻（Calodinium v​​eneficum）是一种普遍的有毒物质，具有被公认特别是鱼腥毒素以及细胞毒素和溶血素的核仁毒素。近年来，包括中国沿海地区在内的世界范围内，无论是单一物种还是伴有其他物种的K. veneficum绽放。通常，河口地区浮游植物群落中的K. veneficum数量相对较低。由于体积小且难以用光学显微镜识别，因此在其开花和毒素被确认之前已被忽略了很长时间。基本上尚不清楚它在背景水平上的表现以及与关键地质和水文环境因素的关系。在这项研究中，该论文报道了实时定量PCR（qPCR）方法在调查典型中国湾区东海象山湾沿海水域中K. veneficum的丰度和分布的应用。有害藻类大量繁殖，并受到人为活动的严重影响。实时定量PCR技术是检测不同基因型小叶锦梭鱼甚至低细胞密度的有效方法。总共对38个地表（0.5 m）和底部水（深度9-100 m）的野外样品进行了分析，发现12个样品对K. veneficum呈阳性。该区域存在至少3个基因型的K. veneficum。旺角假丝酵母阳性部位的温度范围为21.7至23.4摄氏度，盐度水平为21.1至26.3。香叶K. veneficum在象山湾水域中分布广泛，细胞丰度从低至4个/ L到最大170个/ L不等。大部分含有K. veneficum的样品是从不同地点的底部水中收集的。在19个采样点中的三个采样点，在地表水和底部水样中均检出了K. veneficum。尤其是在北仑港附近的采样点，那里的水通常是浑浊的，透明度低，在地表水和底水中都发现了相对较高的K. veneficum细胞数。理解K. veneficum的混合营养和垂直迁移可能是重要的生态生理因素，需要理解这些分布特征。该区域内K. veneficum生长和聚集的理想条件仍需进一步研究。

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  • 来源
    《Harmful Algae》 |2019年第1期|65-76|共12页
  • 作者

    Huang Hai-Long; Shao Qian-Wen; Zhu Xiao-Juan; Luo Jie; Meng Ran; Zhou Cheng-Xu; Zhu Peng; Zhu Yi-Feng; Yan Xiao-Jun;

  • 作者单位

    Ningbo Univ, Key Lab Appl Marine Biotechnol, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, Peoples R China;

    Ningbo Univ, Key Lab Appl Marine Biotechnol, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, Peoples R China|Ningbo Inst Oceanog, Ningbo 315832, Zhejiang, Peoples R China;

    Ningbo Univ, Key Lab Appl Marine Biotechnol, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, Peoples R China;

    Ningbo Inst Oceanog, Ningbo 315832, Zhejiang, Peoples R China;

    Ningbo Univ, Key Lab Appl Marine Biotechnol, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, Peoples R China;

    Ningbo Univ, Key Lab Appl Marine Biotechnol, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, Peoples R China;

    Ningbo Univ, Key Lab Appl Marine Biotechnol, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, Peoples R China|Ningbo Inst Oceanog, Ningbo 315832, Zhejiang, Peoples R China;

    Ningbo Univ, Key Lab Appl Marine Biotechnol, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, Peoples R China;

    Ningbo Univ, Key Lab Appl Marine Biotechnol, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, Peoples R China|Ningbo Inst Oceanog, Ningbo 315832, Zhejiang, Peoples R China;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Karlodinium veneficum; Distribution; Real-time quantitative PCR; Xiangshan Bay; East China Sea;

    机译：香景天;分布;实时荧光定量PCR;象山湾;东海;

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