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首页> 外文期刊>Harmful Algae >Effective aerial monitoring of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms is dependent on understanding cellular migration
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Effective aerial monitoring of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms is dependent on understanding cellular migration

机译：有效地对蓝藻有害藻华进行空中监测取决于对细胞迁移的了解

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Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CHABs) degrade water quality and may produce toxins. The distribution of CHABs can change rapidly due to variations in population dynamics and environmental conditions. Biological and ecological aspects of CHABs were studied in order to better understand CHABs dynamics. Field experiments were conducted near Hartington, Ontario, Canada in ponds dominated by Microcystis aeruginosa and CHABs floating experiments were conducted at Lake Taihu during the summers of 2015 and 2016. Single colonies composed of hundreds to thousands of cells with an average median of 0.2-0.5 mm in diameter were the basic form assumed by the Microcystis, and this remained the same throughout the growing season. Thorough mixing of the water column followed by calm conditions resulted in over 90% of the cyanobacteria floating after 1 h. Multiple colonies floated on the water surface in four types of assemblages: aggregates, ribbons, patches, and mats. It is the mats that are conventionally considered the blooming stage of cyanobacteria.Presence of CHABs on open water surfaces also depends on environmental influences such as direct and indirect wind effects. For example, field tests revealed that the surface coverage of CHABs can be reduced to half within an hour at wind speeds of 0.5 m/s.Because our findings indicated that blooming involves surface display of cyanobacteria essentially presenting as a two-dimensional plane under defined conditions, the use of surface imagery to quantify CHABs was justified. This is particularly important in light of the fact that traditional detection methods do not provide accurate distribution information. Nor do they portray CHABs events in a real-time manner due to limitations in on-demand surveillance and delays between sample time and analyzed results. Therefore, a new CHAB detection method using small unmanned aerial systems with consumer-grade cameras was developed at a maximum detection altitude of 80 m. When cyanobacteria were floating on the surface, CHABs detection through RGB band cameras and spectral enhancement techniques was efficient and accurate. Small unmanned aerial systems were capable of providing coverage up to 1 km(2) per mission and the short intervals between sampling and results (approx. 2 h) allowed for the rapid analysis of data and for implementing follow-up monitoring or treatments. This method is very cost-effective at an estimate of as low as $100 CAD per mission with an average cyanobacterial detection accuracy of 86%. Thus, it is a good candidate method to fill the urgent need for CHABs detection, providing cost effective, rapid, and accurate information to improve risk management at a local level as well as to help quickly allocate resources for purposes of mitigation.
机译：蓝藻有害藻华（CHABs）降低水质，并可能产生毒素。由于人口动态和环境条件的变化，CHAB的分布会迅速变化。为了更好地了解CHAB的动力学，研究了CHAB的生物学和生态学方面。在2015年和2016年夏季，在加拿大安大略省哈丁顿附近的铜绿微囊藻为主的池塘中进行了田间试验，并在太湖进行了CHABs漂浮试验。单个菌落由数百至数千个细胞组成，平均中位数为0.2-0.5直径是毫米，是微囊藻所假定的基本形式，在整个生长季节中都保持不变。彻底混合水柱，然后保持平静状态，导致1小时后超过90％的蓝细菌漂浮。多个菌落以四种组合形式漂浮在水面上：聚集体，色带，贴片和垫子。传统上将其视为蓝藻的开花期。在开放水面上存在CHAB的情况还取决于环境影响，例如直接和间接的风影响。例如，现场测试表明，在风速为0.5 m / s的情况下，在一小时内CHABs的表面覆盖率可降低一半，因为我们的发现表明，起花涉及蓝藻的表面显示，在规定的条件下基本上呈现为二维平面在有条件的情况下，使用表面图像量化CHAB是合理的。鉴于传统的检测方法无法提供准确的分布信息，这一点尤其重要。由于按需监视的局限性以及采样时间与分析结果之间的延迟，它们也不能实时描绘CHAB事件。因此，在最大检测高度为80 m的情况下，开发了一种使用小型无人航空系统和消费级摄像机的CHAB检测新方法。当蓝细菌漂浮在表面上时，通过RGB波段相机和光谱增强技术检测CHABs是高效且准确的。小型无人航空系统每次任务的覆盖范围可达1 km（2），采样和结果之间的间隔很短（约2小时），可以快速分析数据并实施后续监测或治疗。这种方法非常具有成本效益，估计每次任务的成本低至100加元，平均蓝细菌检测精度为86％。因此，这是一种很好的候选方法，可以满足CHAB检测的迫切需求，提供具有成本效益，快速而准确的信息，以改善本地级别的风险管理以及帮助快速分配资源以缓解风险。

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