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Diversity and regional distribution of harmful algal events along the Atlantic margin of Europe

机译：欧洲大西洋边缘沿线的多样性和区域分布

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摘要

The IOC-ICES-PICES Harmful Algal Event Database (HAEDAT) was used to describe the diversity and spatiotemporal distribution of harmful algal events along the Atlantic margin of Europe from 1987 - 2018. The majority of events recorded are caused by Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxins (DSTs). These events are recorded annually over a wide geographic area from southern Spain to northern Scotland and Iceland, and are responsible for annual closures of many shellfish harvesting areas. The dominant causative dinoflagellates, members of the morphospecies ‘Dinophysis acuminata complex’ and D. acuta, are common in the waters of the majority of countries affected. There are regional differences in the causative species associated with PST events; the coasts of Spain and Portugal with the dinoflagellates Alexandrium minutum and Gymnodinium catenatum, north west France/south west England/south Ireland with A. minutum, and Scotland/Faroe Islands/Iceland with A. catenella. This can influence the duration and spatial scale of PST events as well as the toxicity of shellfish. The diatom Pseudo-nitzschia australis is the most widespread Domoic Acid (DA) producer, with records coming from Spain, Portugal, France, Ireland and the UK. Amnesic Shellfish Toxins (ASTs) have caused prolonged closures for the scallop fishing industry due to the slow depuration rate of DA. Amendments to EU shellfish hygiene regulations introduced between 2002 and 2005 facilitated end-product testing and sale of adductor muscle. This reduced the impact of ASTs on the scallop fishing industry and thus the number of recorded HAEDAT events. Azaspiracids (AZAs) are the most recent toxin group responsible for events to be characterised in the ICES area. Events associated with AZAs have a discrete distribution with the majority recorded along the west coast of Ireland. Ciguatera Poisoning (CP) has been an emerging issue in the Canary Islands and Madeira since 2004. The majority of aquaculture and wild fish mortality events are associated with blooms of the dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi and raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo. Such fish killing events occur infrequently yet can cause significant mortalities. Interannual variability was observed in the annual number of HAEDAT areas with events associated with individual shellfish toxin groups. HABs represent a continued risk for the aquaculture industry along the Atlantic margin of Europe and should be accounted for when considering expansion of the industry or operational shifts to offshore areas.
机译：IOC-ICES-PICES有害的藻类事件数据库（HADAT）用于描述1987年至2018年欧洲大西洋边缘的有害藻类事件的多样性和时空分布。记录的大多数活动是由腹泻贝类毒素引起的（DSTS ）。这些事件每年记录在西班牙南部到北苏格兰和冰岛的广泛地理区域，并负责许多贝类收获区域的年度关闭。占主导地位的堇青树，成员的形态学的嗜毒症综合体'和D.Acuta的成员在受影响的大多数国家的水域中常见。与PST事件相关的致病物种存在区域差异;西班牙和葡萄牙的海岸和葡萄牙与亚历山大省小柔毛木和Gymnodinium catenatum，西北西部/南部英格兰/南爱尔兰，配有A. Minutum，以及苏格兰/法罗群岛/冰岛与A. Catenella。这可以影响PST事件的持续时间和空间等级以及贝类的毒性。 Diatom Pseudo-Nitzschia Australis是最普遍的大多全的Domosid（DA）制片人，来自西班牙，葡萄牙，法国，爱尔兰和英国的记录。由于DA吞吐量速度缓慢，艾默地贝类毒素（ASTS）导致扇贝捕捞行业的长时间关闭。 2002年至2005年之间推出的欧盟贝类卫生条例的修正案促进了终端产品检测和销售收入肌肉。这减少了AST对扇贝捕捞行业的影响，从而减少了记录的HADAT事件的数量。 Azaspiracids（Azas）是最近毒素组负责在ICES区域中表征的事件。与AZA相关的事件具有与爱尔兰西海岸记录的大多数的离散分布。 Ciguatera中毒（CP）自2004年以来一直是加那利群岛和马德拉的新出现问题。大多数水产养殖和野生鱼类死亡事件与丁食物甲基菌的盛开和Raphidophyte heteroSigma Akashiwo有关。这种鱼类杀死事件不经常出现，但可能会导致大量死亡率。在与个体贝类毒素组相关的事件的海德特地区的年度人数中观察到年度变异性。 HABS代表沿着欧洲大西洋边际水产养殖业的持续风险，应考虑扩大行业或运作转向近海地区。

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  • 来源
    《Harmful Algae》 |2021年第2期|101976.1-101976.32|共32页
  • 作者

    Bresnan E.; Arevalo F.; Correa J.; Pazos Y.; Belin C.; Lemoine M.; Branco M.A.C.; Silva A.; Cembella A.D.; Clarke D.; Davidson K.; Swan S.; Dhanji-Rapkova M.; Lewis A.M.; Maskrey B.H.; Turner A.D.; Lozano R.F.; Carbonell D.J.; Menendez L.M.; Fernandez-Tejedor M.; Gudfinnsson H.; Laza-Martinez A.; McKinney A.; Revilla M.; Siano R.; Schweibold L.; Provoost P.; Enevoldsen H.;

  • 作者单位

    Marine Scotland Marine Laboratory Aberdeen AB11 9DB U.K.;

    Intecmar Peirao de Vilaxoán s/n 36611 Vilagarcía de Arousa Spain;

    Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer (IFREMER) VIGIES F-44311 Nantes France;

    Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA) 1749-077 Lisboa Portugal;

    Alfred Wegner Institute (AWI) 27570 Bremerhaven Germany;

    Marine Institute Rinville Oranmore Galway H91 R673 Ireland;

    Intecmar Peirao de Vilaxoán s/n 36611 Vilagarcía de Arousa Spain;

    Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS) Scottish Marine Institute Oban PA37 1QA U.K.;

    Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science Weymouth DT4 8UB U.K.;

    Laboratorio de Control de Calidad de los Recursos Pesqueros Huelva Spain;

    IRTA 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita Spain;

    Marine and Freshwater Research Institute (MFRI) 220 Hafnarfjörður Iceland;

    Laboratorio de Control de Calidad de los Recursos Pesqueros Huelva Spain;

    Department of Plant Biology and Ecology Faculty of Science and Technology University of the Basque Country Leioa 48940 Spain;

    Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer (IFREMER) VIGIES F-44311 Nantes France;

    Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science Weymouth DT4 8UB U.K.;

    Laboratorio de Control de Calidad de los Recursos Pesqueros Huelva Spain;

    Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science Weymouth DT4 8UB U.K.;

    Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute Belfast BT9 5PX U.K.;

    Intecmar Peirao de Vilaxoán s/n 36611 Vilagarcía de Arousa Spain;

    AZTI Marine Research Division Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) E-20110 Pasaia Spain;

    Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer (IFREMER) DYNECO F-29280 Plouzané France;

    Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA) 1749-077 Lisboa Portugal;

    Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS) Scottish Marine Institute Oban PA37 1QA U.K.;

    Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science Weymouth DT4 8UB U.K.;

    Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer Plouzané France;

    UNESCO/IOC Project Office for IODE 84000 Ostende Belgium;

    IOC Science and Communication Centre on Harmful Algae 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Amnesic Shellfish Toxins; Azaspiracid Shellfish Toxins; Ciguatera Poisoning; Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxins; IOC-ICES-PICES HAEDAT; Mortality events; Paralytic Shellfish Toxins;

    机译：艾美气贝类毒素;亚扎希尔酸贝类毒素;Ciguatera中毒;腹泻贝类毒素;Ioc-ices-pices haedat;死亡事件;麻痹性贝类毒素;

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