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Observation of an Isokinetic Temperature and Compensation Effect for High-Temperature Crude Oil Fouling

机译:等温温度及高温原油结垢补偿效应的观察

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The initial fouling rates of four crude oils were determined at a nominal bulk temperature of 315℃, an initial heated wall shear stress of 13 Pa, and initial surface temperatures between 375 and 445℃. These initial fouling rates ranged from 1.3(10~(-6)) to 7.8(10~(-5)) m~2 K/kJ. Corresponding Arrhenius plots were linear with the initial fouling rates passing through an isokinetic temperature of 407.5℃. A plot of the natural logarithm of the pre-exponential factors [7.6(10~4 )-5.2(10~(15)) m~2 K/kJ] versus the apparent activation energies (128-269 kJ/mol) was also linear, confirming the validity of the isokinetic temperature and the presence of the compensation effect. Below the isokinetic temperature, the relative fouling rates were Crude Oil C > Crude Oil A > Crude Oil D > Crude Oil B; above the isokinetic temperature, the relative fouling rates were reversed (Crude Oil B > Crude Oil D > Crude Oil A > Crude Oil C). Chemical characterization of a fouling deposit suggested that the dominant fouling mechanism at these conditions was coking, with significant contributions from sedimentation (iron sulfide) and corrosion (~340 μm/yr) of the 304 stainless steel test material.
机译:四种原油的初始结垢率是在标称总体温度为315℃,初始加热壁剪切应力为13 Pa,初始表面温度为375至445℃之间确定的。这些初始结垢速率为1.3(10〜(-6))至7.8(10〜(-5))m〜2 K / kJ。相应的Arrhenius图与通过407.5℃的等速温度的初始结垢速率呈线性关系。还绘制了指数前因数[7.6(10〜4)-5.2(10〜(15))m〜2 K / kJ]的自然对数与表观活化能(128-269 kJ / mol)的关系图。线性,证实了等速温度的有效性和补偿作用的存在。在等速温度以下,相对结垢率是原油C>原油A>原油D>原油B;高于等速温度,相对结垢率反转(原油B>原油D>原油A>原油C)。结垢沉积物的化学表征表明,在这些条件下主要的结垢机理是结焦,这主要是由304不锈钢测试材料的沉淀(硫化铁)和腐蚀(约340μm/ yr)引起的。

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