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Structural design for ponding of rainwater on roof structures

机译：屋顶结构上雨水积蓄的结构设计

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Ponding of rainwater is a special load case that can lead to roof collapse. In Dutch building practice the most frequently occurring damage cases are failures of flat roof structures caused by ponding of rainwater. In the Dutch code for loadings and deformations NEN6702 [1] and the Dutch guidelines for practice regarding ponding NPR 6703 [2], principles and guidelines for the determination of rainwater loads are given. The Dutch code [1] prescribes a complex iterative procedure for ponding of rainwater. Today, there are a number of computer software programs available to support the structural designer in this iteration method. However, to keep insight in the process of rainwater ponding, a simple design method for ponding of slightly sloping flat (steel) roof structures was developed. The method is described in the first part of this article. In the second part a sensitivity analysis for design and construction inaccuracies is presented. It is shown that roofs, that are seemingly stiff enough to withstand ponding, need partial safety factors substantially greater than normally used to account for construction inaccuracies. A proposal for the partial safety factor related to roof stiffness and construction inaccuracies is given.
机译：雨水的倾泻是一种特殊的载荷情况，可能导致屋顶倒塌。在荷兰的建筑实践中，最常见的损坏案例是由于雨水积聚导致的平屋顶结构故障。在荷兰规范NEN6702 [1]中的荷载和变形以及规范NPR 6703 [2]中的荷兰规范中，给出了确定雨水荷载的原理和指南。荷兰法典[1]规定了用于积雨的复杂迭代过程。如今，有许多计算机软件程序可用于以这种迭代方法支持结构设计者。但是，为了保持对雨水蓄积过程的了解，开发了一种用于蓄积略微倾斜的平坦（钢）屋顶结构的简单设计方法。本文的第一部分介绍了该方法。在第二部分中，对设计和施工误差进行了敏感性分析。结果表明，看起来足够坚硬以承受水坑的屋顶需要的局部安全系数要比通常用于解释建筑误差的标准大得多。提出了与屋顶刚度和施工误差有关的部分安全系数的建议。

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