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首页> 外文期刊>Higher Education >University entrepreneurship in a developing country: The case of the P. Universidad Católica de Chile, 1985–2000
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University entrepreneurship in a developing country: The case of the P. Universidad Católica de Chile, 1985–2000

机译：发展中国家的大学创业精神：以智利天主教大学为例，1985–2000年

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Privatization in higher education is usually understood either as the surge of private institutions or as universities’ growing reliance on private sources of funding or otherwise operating more like firms. Joining the growing literature on university entrepreneurship, this is a case study on the less examined problem of entrepreneurial universities in developing countries. In a period of roughly 15 years, the Pontificia Universidad Católica of Chile, founded in 1888, turned itself from a mostly teaching institution to a research-oriented university, responsible for one-fourth of the Chile’s mainstream scientific output and 40% of all Ph.D.s awarded nationally. Yet, public funding represents today only 17% of its revenues, down from almost 90% in 1972. How such academic development could have occurred as the State withdrew and the market took hold of Chilean higher education after the reforms introduced by the military rule of Augusto Pinochet (1973–1990) is the theme of this work. Universidad Católica’s policies and strategies are described, and the factors contributing to its success, together with their limitations, identified. The case suggests that orientation to the market can be more a means for survival and growth under the pressure of privatization, than a result of a ‘Triple Helix’ strategy of universities, government and industry to generate innovation out of academic knowledge. Secondly, while in the industrialized world, higher education entrepreneurship is associated with knowledge production for economic development (‘Mode 2’), entrepreneurial universities in the context of developing countries may just be finding their way to the academic, disciplinary mode of research.
机译：高等教育的私有化通常被理解为是私人机构的激增，或者是大学对私人资金来源的依赖越来越大，或者像公司一样运作。结合越来越多的有关大学企业家精神的文献，这是对发展中国家企业家大学的研究较少的案例研究。智利天主教大学（Pontificia UniversidadCatólica）成立于1888年，在大约15年的时间里，从主要的教学机构转变为研究型大学，占智利主流科学产出的四分之一，占所有博士学位的40％ .Ds获得国家奖项。然而，今天的公共资金仅占其收入的17％，低于1972年的近90％。随着国家撤军，智利的军事统治进行了改革，市场在智利高等教育中占有一席之地，这种学术发展是如何发生的本作品的主题是奥古斯托·皮诺切特（Augusto Pinochet，1973-1990年）。描述了卡托利卡大学的政策和策略，并确定了其成功的因素及其局限性。该案例表明，面向市场的定位更多地是在私有化压力下的生存和增长的手段，而不是大学，政府和行业采用“三重螺旋”策略从学术知识中进行创新的结果。其次，尽管在工业化世界中，高等教育企业家精神与促进经济发展的知识生产相关联（“模式2”），但在发展中国家的背景下，创业型大学可能只是在寻求学术，学科研究模式。

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