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Controlling contamination: the origins of clean room technology

机译：控制污染：洁净室技术的起源

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Cleanroom technology is central to high tech manufacturing. Its development stems from the convergence of needs in several fields of manufacturing, health care, and military requirements. Small-sized mechanical and electro-mechanical devices brought problems with dirt and dust to the forefront, particularly during World War II. High efficiency air filters developed during that conflict rapidly commercialized after the war, and found broader applications. As electronics became a military and commercial staple, filtered and conditioned air, controlled procedures and behaviors, employee training, special uniforms, carefully selected construction design and materials, and physical isolation from other parts of the manufacturing facilities came together in the earliest clean rooms. Diversity in practices drove the demand for standards and fostered further developments. By the 1960s contamination control emerged as a distinct field, with clean room technology at its core. Thus established, the benefits of clean manufacturing spread to other fields and industries. The convergence of needs which underlay earlier developments remained an important developmental dynamic in contamination control.
机译：洁净室技术对于高科技制造至关重要。它的发展源于制造业，医疗保健和军事需求等多个领域的需求融合。小型机械和机电设备将尘土和尘土问题带到了最前沿，尤其是在第二次世界大战期间。在那次冲突中开发的高效空气过滤器在战后迅速商业化，并得到了更广泛的应用。随着电子设备成为军用和商用的主食，经过过滤和调节的空气，受控的程序和行为，员工培训，特殊的制服，精心选择的建筑设计和材料以及与制造设施其他部分的物理隔离在最早的洁净室中出现了。实践的多样性推动了对标准的需求，并促进了进一步的发展。到1960年代，以洁净室技术为核心的污染控制已成为一个独特的领域。因此，清洁制造的好处传播到其他领域和行业。早期发展背后的需求趋同仍然是污染控制中重要的发展动力。

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