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首页> 外文期刊>Human and ecological risk assessment >A First Exploration of Health Impact Assessment of Chemical Exposure: Assigning Weights to Subclinical Effects Based on Animal Studies
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A First Exploration of Health Impact Assessment of Chemical Exposure: Assigning Weights to Subclinical Effects Based on Animal Studies

机译：化学暴露对健康影响评估的初步探索：基于动物研究为亚临床效应分配权重

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摘要

Health impact assessments (HIA) have become an important tool for applying evidence-based policy. Recently, the concept of HIA has been introduced in the field of chemical substances. Two main issues are encountered, i.e., the focus of risk assessment is deriving safe levels and on first signs of adverse effects. These adverse effects, often at a subclinical level, fall outside the scope of a HIA. However, the number of subjects with subclinical effects can be extensive, thus relevant to consider in HIA and subsequent risk management policies and socioeconomic analyses (e.g., under REACH). The approach to include subclinical effects in a HIA relies on the dose-response relationship for toxicological endpoints, which are indicative for subclinical and clinical effects. Assessment of (sub)clinical effect sizes requires expertise from toxicologists, pathologists, and risk assessors. The clinical effect is appraised by a disability weight in the disability adjusted life year (DALY) concept. Subsequently, a derivative thereof, the severity weight, is assigned to parameter value changes in the range of subclinical effect sizes to appraise subclinical effects. Ultimately, if the approach is repeated for many substances, severity weights may be assigned based on changes in endpoints alone, making it a valuable tool for health impact assessors of chemical substances.
机译：健康影响评估（HIA）已成为应用基于证据的政策的重要工具。最近，HIA的概念已被引入化学物质领域。遇到两个主要问题，即风险评估的重点是得出安全水平和不良影响的初步迹象。这些不良反应通常在亚临床水平上，不在HIA的范围内。但是，具有亚临床效应的受试者数量可能很大，因此需要在HIA和后续风险管理政策以及社会经济分析（例如根据REACH）中进行考虑。在HIA中包含亚临床效应的方法依赖于毒理学终点的剂量反应关系，这表明亚临床和临床效应。对（亚）临床效应量的评估需要毒理学家，病理学家和风险评估者的专业知识。临床效果通过残疾调整生命年（DALY）概念中的残疾权重进行评估。随后，将其严重程度权重的派生值分配给亚临床效应大小范围内的参数值更改，以评估亚临床效应。最终，如果对许多物质重复使用该方法，则可以仅根据端点的变化来分配严重性权重，这使其成为化学物质对健康影响评估者的宝贵工具。

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