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首页> 外文期刊>Human and ecological risk assessment >Exposure Assessment of Pharmaceuticals and Their Metabolites in the Aquatic Environment: Application to the French Situation and Preliminary Prioritization
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Exposure Assessment of Pharmaceuticals and Their Metabolites in the Aquatic Environment: Application to the French Situation and Preliminary Prioritization

机译：水生环境中药物及其代谢物的暴露评估：在法国的情况和初步优先次序的应用

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摘要

Low levels of pharmaceuticals have been detected in many countries in surface waters. As a wide range of pharmaceuticals can reach aquatic environments, a selection of molecules to survey is the first step before implementing a monitoring program. We used a simple equation to calculate Predicted Environmental Concentrations (PECs), adapted from the European Medicine Agency model used for the Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) of human pharmaceutical. Excretion fractions for pharmaceuticals were determined for 76 compounds. Using year 2004 French drug consumption data, we determined aquatic PECs for 112 parent molecules and several metabolites. Considering excretion fractions of pharmaceuticals can lead to drastically reduce predicted concentrations reaching the aquatic environment and help to target environmentally relevant pharmaceuticals and metabolites. Calculated PECs using the described methodology are consistent with French field measurements. The simple model for calculating PECs can be used as a valuable estimation of the exposure. Risk quotient ratios were also calculated. Due to the lack of ecotoxico-logical data, the use of PEC/PNEC ratios is not enough informative to prioritize pharmaceuticals likely to pose a risk for surface waters. Alternative ways to prioritize risk to pharmaceuticals, combining PEC, pharmacological, and ecotoxicological data available from the literature, should be implemented.
机译：在许多国家的地表水中发现了低含量的药物。由于各种各样的药物都可以进入水生环境，因此在实施监测程序之前，第一步是要选择要调查的分子。我们使用了一个简单的方程式来计算预测的环境浓度（PEC），该预测的浓度是根据用于人类药物环境风险评估（ERA）的欧洲医学机构模型改编的。确定了76种化合物的药物排泄分数。使用2004年法国药品消费数据，我们确定了112种母体分子和几种代谢物的水生PEC。考虑到药物的排泄分数可以导致大大降低到达水生环境的预测浓度，并有助于确定与环境有关的药物和代谢物。使用上述方法计算得出的PEC与法国的现场测量结果一致。用于计算PEC的简单模型可以用作暴露的有价值估计。还计算了风险商比率。由于缺乏生态毒理学数据，PEC / PNEC比率的使用不足以对可能对地表水构成风险的药物进行优先排序。应当采用替代方法来确定药物风险的优先顺序，并结合文献中提供的PEC，药理学和生态毒理学数据。

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