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Crop Diversity on Anthropogenic Dark Earths in Central Amazonia

机译：亚马逊中部人为黑暗地球上的作物多样性

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摘要

A recent archaeological survey demonstrates that one of the most durable of all forms of pre-Columbian landscape transformation, Amazonian Dark Earths (ADE; soils formed by pre-Columbian settlement), are widespread along the course of the Madeira River, Central Amazonia, Brazil. We hypothesize that processes of crop cultivation and management by human populations today in landscapes that were intensively transformed during the pre-Columbian period will diverge from those in environments where human agency has not left such a heavy footprint. In order to test this hypothesis, we compare bitter manioc fields, homegardens and secondary forests on ADE with those on non-anthropogenic soils along the lower and middle Madeira River. We demonstrate that crop species and landrace populations diverge on anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic soils as a result of the interaction between human selection and management, soil physical and chemical properties, and plant responses over time. Hence, crop species selection and abundance and therefore agrobiodiversity is contingent on anthropogenic soils in Central Amazonia.
机译：最近的一项考古调查表明，在巴西前亚马逊地区的马德拉河沿岸，分布着亚马逊地区深色土地（ADE；由哥伦比亚之前殖民地形成的土壤）中最持久的一种形式的哥伦比亚之前的景观转变。 。我们假设，在哥伦布前时期之前，人们在密集地改造的景观中，当今人类的作物种植和管理过程将与人类活动还没有留下那么大足迹的环境有所不同。为了检验该假设，我们比较了马德拉河中下游沿岸的ADE上的苦木田，家园和次生林和非人为土壤上的耕地。我们证明，由于人类选择和管理，土壤理化性质以及植物随时间变化之间的相互作用，农作物种类和地方种群在人为和非人为土壤上存在差异。因此，亚马逊中部地区的人为土壤取决于作物种类的选择和丰度以及农业生物多样性。

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  • 来源
    《Human Ecology》 |2011年第4期|p.395-406|共12页
  • 作者

    James Angus Fraser; André B. Junqueira; Nicholas C. Kawa; Claide P. Moraes; Charles R. Clement;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Anthropology, School of Global Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9SJ, UK;

    Department of Agronomic Sciences, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. Andre Araujo 2936-Aleixo, Manaus, Amazonas, 69011–970, Brazil;

    Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, 1112 Turlington Hall, P.O. Box 117305, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA;

    Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508–900, Brazil;

    Department of Agronomic Sciences, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. Andre Araujo 2936-Aleixo, Manaus, Amazonas, 69011–970, Brazil;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Madeira river; Botanical inventory; Historical ecology; Domesticated landscapes; Crop domestication;

    机译：马德拉河;植物资源;历史生态学;本土化景观;作物驯化;

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