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首页> 外文期刊>Human Factors >Behavioral Changes to Repeated Takeovers in Highly Automated Driving: Effects of the Takeover-Request Design and the Nondriving- Related Task Modality
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Behavioral Changes to Repeated Takeovers in Highly Automated Driving: Effects of the Takeover-Request Design and the Nondriving- Related Task Modality

机译：高度自动化驾驶中重复接管的行为变化：接管请求设计和与非驾驶相关的任务方式的影响

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摘要

Objective: We investigated drivers' behavior and subjective experience when repeatedly taking over their vehicles' control depending on the design of the takeover request (TOR) and the modality of the nondriving-related task (NDRT). Background: Previous research has shown that taking over vehicle control after highly automated driving provides several problems for drivers. There is evidence that the TOR design and the NDRT modality may influence takeover behavior and that driver behavior changes with more experience. Method: Forty participants were requested to resume control of their simulated vehicle six times. The TOR design (auditory or visual-auditory) and the NDRT modality (auditory or visual) were varied. Drivers' takeover behavior, gaze patterns, and subjective workload were recorded and analyzed. Results: Results suggest that drivers change their behavior to the repeated experience of takeover situations. An auditory TOR leads to safer takeover behavior than a visual-auditory TOR. And with an auditory TOR, the takeover behavior improves with experience. Engaging in the visually demanding NDRT leads to fewer gazes on the road than the auditory NDRT. Participants' fixation duration on the road decreased over the three takeovers with the visually demanding NDRT. Conclusions: The results imply that (a) drivers change their behavior to repeated takeovers, (b) auditory TOR designs might be preferable over visual-auditory TOR designs, and (c) auditory demanding NDRTs allow drivers to focus more on the driving scene. Application: The results of the present study can be used to design TORs and determine allowed NDRTs in highly automated driving.
机译：目的：我们根据接管请求（TOR）的设计和非驾驶相关任务（NDRT）的方式，反复调查驾驶员在接管车辆时的行为和主观经验。背景：先前的研究表明，高度自动化驾驶后接管车辆控制给驾驶员带来了一些问题。有证据表明，TOR的设计和NDRT方式可能会影响接管行为，而驾驶员的行为会随着经验的增加而发生变化。方法：四十名参与者被要求恢复对仿真车辆的控制六次。 TOR设计（听觉或视觉听觉）和NDRT模式（听觉或视觉）各不相同。记录并分析了驾驶员的接管行为，注视方式和主观工作量。结果：结果表明，驾驶员将其行为改变为对接管情况的反复体验。听觉TOR比视觉听觉TOR导致更安全的接管行为。借助听觉TOR，接管行为会随着经验的增加而改善。与听觉NDRT相比，参与视觉要求高的NDRT可以使道路上的视线更少。在对视觉要求很高的NDRT的三个接管中，参与者在路上的固定时间减少了。结论：结果表明：（a）驾驶员将其行为改变为重复接管；（b）听觉TOR设计可能优于视觉听觉TOR设计；并且（c）听觉要求较高的NDRT可使驾驶员更多地关注驾驶场景。应用：本研究的结果可用于设计TOR，并确定高度自动化驾驶中允许的NDRT。

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