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Mineral Bone Density and Body Composition of Participants in Experiment Mars-500

机译：实验Mars-500的参与者的矿物质密度和身体组成

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The investigation of the bone system and body composition in the participants of the Mars-500 experiment (prior to and on completion of the experiment) employed dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) using a HOLOGIC Delphy osteodensitometer according to the protocol used in examination of cosmonauts. The bone density of lumber vertebrae and femoral proximal epiphysis, as well as the body composition were measured. Statistically significant changes in the mineral density of lumber vertebrae were found in three subjects and displayed different trends from +2.6 to –2.4%. At the same time, in the femoral proximal epiphysis, including in the cervical region, the mineral density after the experiment was significantly lower in all participants. Four subjects exhibited an increase (by 5–9%) in the mineralization of the skull bones, as in some cosmonauts after flights. All participants were characterized by loss of adipose tissue mass (from 2 to 7 kg; in one subject, 20 kg, by a factor of three). Changes in lean mass (by 1–3 kg) were often negative and in the limbs might be associated with preferences for a certain type of physical activity. It is shown that prolonged stay in a confined space can lead to a decrease in mineralization of individual parts of the skeleton. Unlike real spaceflights and long-duration experiments with hypokinesia carried out earlier at the Institute for Biomedical Problems, no clinically significant loss of mineral density (osteoporosis, osteopenia) was observed in the Mars-500 experiment, which may be due to the lack of microgravity effects.
机译：MARS-500实验参与者的骨系统和身体组成的研究（在实验完成之前和完成之前）使用了根据所用方案使用HOLOGIC DELPHY骨缺陷计的双能X射线吸收测定法（DXA）检查宇航员。测量木材椎骨和股骨近端骨骺的骨密度，以及体组合物。在三个受试者中发现了木材椎体矿物密度的统计学显着变化，并从+ 2.6升至-2.4％呈现出不同的趋势。同时，在股骨近端骨骺，包括在宫颈区域，所有参与者在实验后的矿物密度明显较低。四个受试者在头骨骨骼的矿化中表现出增加（5-9％），如飞行后的一些宇航员。所有参与者都是通过丧失脂肪组织物质（从2至7kg;在一个受试者中，20kg，三倍）。贫质量（1-3 kg）的变化通常是阴性的，并且在肢体中可能与某种类型的身体活动的偏好相关。结果表明，长时间停留在密闭空间中可能导致骨骼的各个部位的矿化降低。与真实的空虚和长期实验不同于在生物医学问题研究所前面进行的低管，在MARS-500实验中没有观察到临床上显着的矿物质密度（骨质疏松症，骨内血症），这可能是由于缺乏显微性效果。

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