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How Explosives Affect Embankment Dams

机译：炸药如何影响堤坝

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摘要

Dams are considered critical infrastructure under International Humanitarian Law because of the massive effect a breach or failure could have on the population and environment. For example, the failure of South Fork Dam in 1889 caused more than 2,200 deaths in Johnstown, Pa., USA.1 A similar failure could cause greater casualties and economic losses because of the many cities in the flood plains of dams. Were Aswan Dam in Egypt to fail, it would cause fatality to a large percentage of Egypt's population while sweeping many structures into the Mediterranean Sea. The most common causes of dam failure are design errors, geological instability, extreme inflow, sub-standard materials/techniques and poor maintenance. However, an increase in global terrorism has imposed another potential cause of failure. The destruction of dams has the potential to cause catastrophic floods and put strain on electrical power supplies, which in turn could have adverse effects on many national critical infrastructure sectors. Thus, terrorists and other groups seeking to cause mass casualties or economic disruption or attract media attention could target dams.
机译：根据国际人道主义法，水坝被认为是至关重要的基础设施，因为破坏或破坏对人口和环境可能造成巨大影响。例如，1889年南叉大坝的失败在美国宾夕法尼亚州的约翰斯敦造成2200多人死亡。1由于大坝泛滥平原上的许多城市，类似的失败可能导致更大的人员伤亡和经济损失。如果埃及的阿斯旺大坝（Adwan Dam）失灵，它将在大量建筑物进入地中海的同时，导致埃及很大一部分人口丧生。大坝破坏的最常见原因是设计错误，地质不稳定，大量涌入，不合标准的材料/技术以及维护不善。但是，全球恐怖主义的增加是造成失败的另一个潜在原因。大坝的破坏有可能造成灾难性洪灾，并给电力供应造成压力，进而对许多国家关键基础设施部门造成不利影响。因此，试图造成大规模人员伤亡或经济中断或引起媒体关注的恐怖分子和其他团体可能将水坝作为目标。

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  • 来源
    《Hydro Review Worldwide》 |2012年第2期|p.2022242628-29|共6页
  • 作者

    Abass Braimah; Mohammad Rayhani;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Carleton University in Ontario, Canada;

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Carleton University in Ontario, Canada;

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