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首页> 外文期刊>Hydrobiologia >Ten Years of Practical Experience with the Dreissena-Monitor, a Biological Early Warning System for Continuous Water Quality Monitoring
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Ten Years of Practical Experience with the Dreissena-Monitor, a Biological Early Warning System for Continuous Water Quality Monitoring

机译：Dreissena-Monitor的十年实践经验，Dreissena-Monitor是用于连续水质监测的生物预警系统

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摘要

The Dreissena-Monitor is a biological early warning system for the aquatic environment. It is based on the valve movements of up to 2 × 42 specimens of the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha, exposed in a flow-through system of 2 experimental channels connected to the water to be tested. A computer records whether a mussel is open or closed. After an analysis period of 5 min, the percentage of open mussels and the number of valve movements are computed as running averages for each experimental channel. With consideration being given to the normal behaviour of the mussels and the response of the system during several toxicity tests, reliable alarm-thresholds were established which are based on dynamic limits. In addition to these alarm functions (including the automatically safekeeping of a water sample) and the primary measurements, the computer fulfils every function necessary for an early warning system, e.g., complete storage and documentation of all data, validity-check of the primary measurements, and graphical presentation of all results. Together with more than 20 biological early warning systems, the Dreissena-Monitor was tested and evaluated by a joint federal government/federal states project group in Germany. As one of three systems, the Dreissena-Monitor is now recommended for implementation at the measuring stations of the ‘German Commission for the Protection of the Rhine Against Pollution.’ Starting in 1992, the Dreissena-Monitor is now applied at 13 water control stations in Germany (Rhine, Elbe, Danube, several tributaries). The experience of the users at the different stations have revealed that the Dreissena-Monitor complies quite well with the main functional requirements of an early warning system: (1) reliable, unattended operation for at least 1 week, (2) ease of handling, (3) an average of less than 3 h of maintenance per week, and (4) automatic detection of alarm situations within 30 min. In particular, the Dreissena-Monitor detected some water alarms at different rivers that give first clues on the sources of emission.
机译：Dreissena-Monitor是针对水生环境的生物预警系统。它基于最多2×42个斑马贻贝Dreissena polymorpha标本的阀门运动，该标本暴露在2条与待测水连接的实验通道的流通系统中。计算机会记录贻贝是打开还是关闭。经过5分钟的分析后，打开的贻贝的百分比和瓣膜运动的数量被计算为每个实验通道的运行平均值。考虑到贻贝的正常行为以及在几次毒性测试中系统的响应，建立了基于动态限制的可靠警报阈值。除了这些警报功能（包括自动保管水样）和主要测量值之外，计算机还可以完成预警系统所需的每项功能，例如完整存储和记录所有数据，检查主要测量值的有效性，以及所有结果的图形表示。 Dreissena-Monitor与20多种生物预警系统一起，由德国联邦政府/联邦政府联合项目小组进行了测试和评估。作为三个系统之一，Dreissena-Monitor现在建议在“德国莱茵河保护免受污染委员会”的测量站上实施。从1992年开始，Dreissena-Monitor现在已在13个水控制站应用。在德国（莱茵，易北河，多瑙河，几个支流）。不同站点的用户的经验表明，Dreissena-Monitor非常符合预警系统的主要功能要求：（1）可靠，无人值守的操作至少1周；（2）易于操作； （3）每周平均少于3小时的维护，（4）在30分钟内自动检测警报情况。尤其是，Dreissena-Monitor在不同的河流中检测到一些水报警器，这些报警器首次提供了有关排放源的线索。

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