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Determining annual cryosphere storage contributions to streamflow using historical hydrometric records

机译：使用历史水文记录确定每年冰冻圈存储量对流量的贡献

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Alpine glaciers and perennial snow fields are important hydrologic elements in many mountain environments providing runoff during the late summer and during periods of drought. Because relatively long records of glacier mass-balance data are absent from many glacierized catchments, it remains unclear to what extent shrinking perennial snow and glaciers have affected runoff trends from these watersheds. Here, we employ a hydrograph separation technique that uses a double mass curve in an attempt to isolate changes in runoff due to glacier retreat and disappearance of perennial snow. The method is tested using hydrometric data from 20 glacierized and 16 nonglacierized catchments in the Columbia Basin of Canada. The resulting estimates on cryosphere storage contribution to streamflow were well correlated to other regional estimates on the basis of measurements as well as empirical and mechanistic models. Annual cryosphere runoff changed from +19 to -55% during the period 1975-2012, with an average decline of 26%. For August runoff, these changes ranged from +17 to -66%, with an average decrease of 24%. Reduction of cryosphere contributions to annual and late summer flows is expected to continue in the coming decades as glaciers and the perennial snow patches shrink. Our method to isolate changes in late summer cryospheric storage contributions can be used as a first order estimate on changes in glacier contributions to flow and may help researchers and water managers target watersheds for further analysis.
机译：在许多山区环境中，高山冰川和多年生雪原是重要的水文要素，在夏末和干旱期间提供径流。由于许多冰川集水区缺乏相对较长的冰川质量平衡数据记录，因此尚不清楚多年生降雪和冰川在多大程度上影响了这些流域的径流趋势。在这里，我们采用水文分离技术，该技术使用双重质量曲线来试图隔离由于冰川退缩和常年积雪消失而引起的径流变化。该方法使用来自加拿大哥伦比亚盆地20个冰川化流域和16个非冰川化流域的水文数据进行了测试。在测量值，经验模型和机理模型的基础上，得出的冰冻圈存储量对流量的贡献的估计值与其他区域估计值具有很好的相关性。 1975-2012年期间，冰冻圈年径流量从+19变为-55％，平均下降了26％。对于八月径流，这些变化范围从+17到-66％，平均减少24％。随着冰川和常年积雪的减少，冰冻圈对年流量和夏末流量的贡献预计将在未来几十年内继续减少。我们分离出夏末冰冻圈储量变化的方法可以用作冰川对流量贡献变化的一阶估算，并且可以帮助研究人员和水管理者确定流域为目标进行进一步分析。

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