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The complex interaction of ecology and hydrology in a small catchment: a salmon's perspective

机译：小流域生态与水文学的复杂相互作用：鲑鱼的视角

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摘要

For the past 22 years, we have monitored hydro-meteorological conditions and fish population dynamics in Catamaran Brook, a 52 km2 catchment in the Miramichi River system of New Brunswick, Canada. Given the long-term nature of the multidisciplinary dataset, we are able to provide an overview of the complex interaction between streamflow and fish population dynamics drawing on previously published material as well as new data analyses. For autumn-spawning fishes like the Atlantic salmon, access to headwater reaches was directly related to streamflow during late October (when they ascend spawning tributaries), as well as the propensity of beaver dams in the stream (also a function of streamflow). Winter streamflow was positively correlated with egg survival, except when rain-on-snow conditions induced severe ice break-up events that likely caused the highest mortalities on record for salmon and other fishes. Juvenile recruitment was significantly influenced by density-dependent processes of growth and competition but further mediated by density-independent factors like winter flow. In spring, fry emergence was largely temperature-driven, although peaks in fry drift were sometimes synchronized with secondary discharge peaks and temperature. Tributaries like Catamaran Brook provide thermal refugia for coolwater fishes like salmon and trout during the summer when wide, shallow main-stem Atlantic rivers experience low discharge and high water temperatures that induce physiological and behavioural stress (i.e. > 23 °C). These phenomena are discussed in detail, especially in terms of how they may be compromised by future changes in hydrologic conditions resulting from predicted climate change scenarios. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
机译：在过去的22年中，我们监测了加拿大新不伦瑞克省Miramichi河水系中52平方千米的双体溪双体船的水文气象条件和鱼类种群动态。考虑到多学科数据集的长期性质，我们能够利用以前发表的资料以及新的数据分析来概述水流和鱼类种群动态之间的复杂相互作用。对于像大西洋鲑鱼这样的秋天产卵鱼类，获取上游水源与10月下旬（它们上升产卵支流）期间的水流量直接相关，还与溪流中的海狸水坝的倾向性（也是水流量的函数）有关。冬季水流与卵的存活率呈正相关，除非在雪上下雨的情况导致严重的冰崩事件，这可能导致鲑鱼和其他鱼类的死亡率最高。少年募集受到密度依赖的生长和竞争过程的显着影响，但进一步受密度依赖的因素（例如冬季流量）介导。在春季，尽管鱼苗漂移的峰值有时与次级排放峰和温度同步，但鱼苗的出现很大程度上受温度驱动。夏季，当宽阔，浅水的主干大西洋河流经历低流量和高水温而诱发生理和行为压力时（例如> 23°C），像双体船布鲁克这样的支流为鲑鱼和鳟鱼等冷水鱼类提供热避难所。对这些现象进行了详细的讨论，尤其是在预测气候变化情景导致的未来水文条件变化可能如何危害这些现象方面。版权所有©2012 John Wiley＆Sons，Ltd.

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